Exam (elaborations)
GENERAL BIOLOGY I - BSC 1010C - CUMULATIVE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
GENERAL BIOLOGY I - BSC 1010C - CUMULATIVE FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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15 items
1. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 final exam questions and answers with solutions 2024
2. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 exam one questions and answers with solutions 2024
3. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 exam 1 study guide questions and answers with solutions 2024
4. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 exam 2 questons and answers with solutions 2024
5. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 exam 2 review questions and answers with solutions 2024
6. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 - final exam review questons and answers with solutions 2024
7. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 lab final exam questions and answers with solutions 2024
8. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 exam 3 questions and answers with solutions 2024
9. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 quiz & exam 4 questions and answers with solutions 2024
10. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010c ch1-10 & 12-14 & 16 tests final exam questions and answers with solutions 2...
11. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 test ch. 1-3 questions and answers with solutions 2024
12. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 exam 3 study guide questions and answers with solutions 2024
13. Exam (elaborations) - General biology i - bsc 1010c - cumulative final exam study guide questions and answe...
14. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 chapter 8,9,10 test questions and answers with solutions 2024
15. Exam (elaborations) - Bsc 1010 general biology exam 1- cell questions and answers with solutions 2024
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GENERAL BIOLOGY I - BSC 1010C -
CUMULATIVE FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
IdentifyXandXdescribeXtheXstepsXofXtheXscientificXmethod.X-XANSWERX1)XObserveXtheXsituation.
2)XAskXaXquestionXrelatedXtoXyourXobservations.
3)XTurnXthatXquestionXintoXaXtestableXhypothesisXandXpredictXtheXoutcomeXofXyourXexperiment.
4)XTestXtheXhypothesisXbyXdesigningXandXperformingXanXexperiment.
5)XAnalyzeXtheXresults.
6)XEvaluateXyourXhypothesis;XdoesXtheXdataXsupportXit?
WhatXisXaXhypothesis?X-XANSWERXAXtentativeXanswerXtoXaXscientificXquestion.
DescribeXdescentXwithXmodification.XWhyXareXcells,XDNA,Xmutations,XandXreproductiveXsuccessXimportantX
toXthisXconcept?X-XANSWERX-
XDescentXwithXmodification:XPassingXtraitsXfromXparentXtoXoffspring,XaXlineXofXancestryXthatXmeansXchange.
XAsXlivingXorganismsXliveXandXevolveXtheyXslowlyXchangeXoverXtime.
-XCells:XCarryXtheXDNA
-
XDNA:XGeneticXmakeup;XincludesXinstructionsXtoXmakeXproteins.XSmallXmodificationsXoccurXinXDNAXeveryXti
meXanXoffspringXdescendsXfromXitsXparents.XTheseXmodificationsXhappenXbecauseXofXreplicationXandXreco
mbinationXofXtheXparents'XDNAXandXbecauseXofXrandomXmutationsXinXtheXresultingXDNAXofXtheXoffspring.
-
XMutations:XChangesXinXDNA.XRandomXmutationsXoccurXwhenXparentsXreproduceXresultingXinXtheXDNAXofXt
heXoffspringXchanging.
-
XSexualXreproduction:XSmallXmodificationsXoccurXinXDNAXeveryXtimeXanXoffspringXdescendsXfromXitsXparent
s.
-
XReproductiveXsuccess:XToXevolveXandXchangeXoverXtime,XyouXneedXtoXbeXableXtoXreproduce.XThisXallowsXth
eXmixingXofXDNAXandXmutationsXtoXbothXfurtherXtheXexistenceXofXanXorganism.
,WhatXisXnaturalXselection?XHowXdoesXitXrelateXtoXtheXtheoryXofXevolution?X-XANSWERX-
XNaturalXselectionXisXaXprocessXinXwhichXindividualsXwithXcertainXheritableXtraitsXsurviveXandXreproduceXatX
aXhigherXrateXthanXdoXotherXindividualsXbecauseXofXthoseXtraits.X
-
XThisXrelatesXtoXevolutionXbecauseXtheXinheritedXtraitsXareXpassedXonXthroughXsexualXreproductionXuntilXon
lyXthoseXfavorableXtraitsXexist.XTheXtraitsXareXevolvingXwithXtimeXthroughXnaturalXselectionXandXinheritedXtr
aitsXthatXallowXtheXorganismXtoXsurviveXandXreproduceXsuccessfully.
NaturalXselectionXdescribesXhowXtheXlivingXandXnonlivingXcomponentsXofXtheXnaturalXenvironmentXinfluen
ceXtheXsuccessX(orXlackXthereof)XofXaXpopulationXofXorganisms.XDescribeXhowXanXenvironmentXcanXdictateXt
heXsuccessXofXaXpopulationXofXorganismsXandXdescribeXtheXrandomXchangesXtheXorganismsXcanXundergoXto
XimproveXtheirXabilityXtoXsurviveXandXreproduce.X-XANSWERX-
XInXaXcertainXenvironment,XsomeXorganismsXhaveXvariationsXthatXbenefitXtheirXsurvivalXoverXotherXorganis
msXwithXdifferentXtraits.
-
XForXexample,XifXthereXareX5XblackXbeetlesXandX2XblueXbeetlesXandXtheXbirdsXonlyXeatXtheXblackXones,XtheXbl
ueXonesXhaveXaXbetterXchanceXofXsurvivingXandXpassingXonXtheirXgenes.XThisXisXaXmutationXthatXoccurredXth
atXhelpedXtheXbeetlesXsurvive.XThisXisXnaturalXselectionXbecauseXtheXenvironmentXunconsciouslyXdecidesX
whatXbeetlesXareXeatenXandXwhichXonesXareXnot.
-
XLivingXthingsXcannotXinitiateXevolutionXthemselvesXsinceXtheXprocessXhappensXoverXtime;Xhowever,XtheyXa
reXableXtoXadaptXtoXtheirXenvironmentsXifXtheyXhaveXadvantageousXtraits.
WhichXfourXelementsXrepresentXtheXgreatestXproportionXofXaXlivingXorganism?X-
XANSWERXOxygen,Xcarbon,Xhydrogen,XandXnitrogen.
WhatXcharacteristicXofXanXelementXsetsXitXapartXfromXaXdifferentXtypeXofXatom?X-
XANSWERXAnXelementXisXdefinedXbyXitsXatomicXnumberX(numberXofXprotons).
WhatXareXisotopes?X-
XANSWERXAnXisotopeXisXoneXofXseveralXatomicXformsXofXanXelement,XeachXwithXtheXsameXnumberXofXproto
nsXbutXaXdifferentXnumberXofXneutrons,XthusXdifferingXinXatomicXmass.
WhatXisXaXhydrogenXbond?XIsXaXhydrogenXbondXweakerXorXstrongerXthanXaXcovalentXbond?XIsXitXweakerXorXs
trongerXthanXanXionicXbond?X-
XANSWERXAXhydrogenXbondXisXanXattractionXbetweenXaXhydrogenXatomXandXanXelectronegativeX(polar)Xato
, m;XtheXpositiveXpartialXenergyXofXanXHXatomXinXoneXmoleculeXformsXaXbondXwithXtheXnegativeXpartialXener
gyXofXanotherXmolecule,XsuchXasXinXH2O.XItXisXweakerXthanXbothXaXcovalentXbondXandXanXionicXbond.
WhatXisXaXcovalentXbond?XWhatXisXtheXdifferenceXbetweenXaXpolarXandXaXnonpolarXcovalentXbond?X-
XANSWERXAXpolarXcovalentXbondXisXwhenXanXatomXisXbondedXtoXaXmoreXelectronegativeXatom;XasXaXresult,X
theyXformXpartialXenergiesXandXshareXelectronsXunequally.XAXnon-
polarXcovalentXbondXisXaXcovalentXbondXbetweenXtwoXatomsXofXtheXsameXelement,XtheXelectronsXareXshar
edXequallyXbecauseXtheXtwoXatomsXhaveXtheXsameXelectronegativity.
WhatXdoesXelectronegativityXhaveXtoXdoXwithXtheXformationXofXaXpolarXorXnonpolarXcovalentXbond?X-
XANSWERXPolarXbondsXtendXtoXbeXmoreXelectronegativeXthanXnonpolarXbonds.
WhatXareXhydrogenXbonds?XDoXtheyXoccurXasXaXresultXofXpolarXcovalentXbonds?X-
XANSWERXAXhydrogenXbondXisXanXattractionXbetweenXaXhydrogenXatomXandXanXelectronegativeX(polar)Xato
m.XItXoccursXasXaXresultXofXaXpolarXcovalentXbond.
WhatXisXtheXspecificXheatXofXwater?XHowXisXitXmeasured?XHowXdoesXwater'sXspecificXheatXcompareXtoXothe
rXsolvents'XspecificXheat?XWhatXpropertiesXofXwaterXallowXitXtoXhaveXaXhighXspecificXheat,XandXwhatXeffectXd
oesXitXhaveXonXtheXbiosphere'sXclimate?X-
XANSWERXTheXspecificXheatXisXtheXamountXofXheatXthatXmustXbeXabsorbedXorXlostXforX1XgramXofXthatXsubsta
nceXtoXchangeXitsXtemperatureXbyX1XdegreeXCelsius.XWaterXhasXaXmuchXhigherXspecificXheatXcomparedXtoXo
therXsolvents,XmeaningXthatXitXisXresistantXtoXfluctuationsXinXtemperature.XTheXhighXheatXofXvaporizationXisX
aXpropertyXofXwaterXthatXallowsXitXtoXhaveXthisXhighXspecificXheat.XTheXeffectsXonXtheXbiosphere'sXclimateXa
reXthatXbecauseXofXitsXhighXspecificXheat,XtheXwaterXthatXcoversXmostXofXEarthXkeepsXtemperatureXfluctuati
onsXonXlandXandXinXwaterXwithinXlimitsXthatXpermitXlife.XBecauseXorganismsXareXmadeXmostlyXofXwaterX(50-
95%),XtheyXareXbetterXableXtoXresistXchangesXinXtheirXownXtemperatureXthanXifXtheyXwereXmadeXofXaXliquidX
withXaXlowerXspecificXheat.
WhatXareXtheXemergentXpropertiesXofXwaterXinXtheXsolidXphaseXandXhowXdoXtheyXsupportXlife?X-
XANSWERXTheXemergentXpropertiesXofXwaterXinXtheXsolidXphaseX(ice)XareXitsXstableXhydrogenXbonds.XTheyXc
auseXinsulationXofXbodiesXofXwaterXbyXfloatingXice.XWhenXwaterXfreezes,XaXcrystallineXalignmentXofXwaterX
moleculesXforms.XSinceXiceXisXlessXdenseXthanXliquidXwater,XitXfloatsXonXtopXofXtheXwater.XIfXallXtheXwaterXfro
zeXatXonceXinsteadXofXgradually,XconditionsXwouldXnotXbeXsuitableXforXlivingXandXallXtheXorganismsXwouldXdi
e.
DescribeXhowXcovalentXbondsXandXhydrogenXbondsXapplyXtoXwaterXmolecules.X-
XANSWERXPolarXcovalentXbondsXholdXoxygenXandXhydrogenXatomsXtogether,XandXhydrogenXbondingXattract
sXwaterXmolecules,XmakingXupXwater.