language - ANSWERa system of symbols that is used to communicate with others or in our thinking
knowledge transforming - ANSWERa style of writing (typical of older children and adolescents) in which the goal is to convey a deeper understanding of a subject by taking information and transforming ...
Unit 3 ABSC 160 exam Questions &
Answers Correct
language - ANSWERa system of symbols that is used to communicate with others or in
our thinking
knowledge transforming - ANSWERa style of writing (typical of older children and
adolescents) in which the goal is to convey a deeper understanding of a subject by
taking information and transforming it into ideas that can be shared with the reader so
that reader understands and learns from those ideas
emergent literacy - ANSWERthe set of skills that develop before children begin formal
reading instruction, which provide the foundation for later academic skills
whole object bias - ANSWERan assumption made by language learners that a words
described an entire object rather than just a portion of it
taxonomic constraint - ANSWERan assumption language learners make that two
objects that have features in common can have a name in common, but that each
object can have its own individual name
Dysgraphia - ANSWERa learning disability characterized by difficulties with writing,
including trouble with spelling, handwriting, or expressing thoughts on paper
child-directed speech - ANSWERspeech that is tailored to fit the sensory and cognitive
capabilities of infants and children so that is holds their attention; includes speaking in a
higher pitch with exaggerated intonation and a singsong rhythm and using a simplified
vocabulary
Broca's area - ANSWERthe part of the brain that is involved int he physical production
of speech
pragmatics - ANSWERthe rules that guide how we use language in social situations
cooing - ANSWERsoft vowel sounds, such as ooh and aah
metalinguistic abilities - ANSWERthe abilities to think about and talk about language
immersion programs - ANSWERprograms in which English language learners are
taught academic subjects in English
transitional probability - ANSWERthe likelihood that one particular sound will follow
another one to form a word
,semantic bootstrapping - ANSWERthe use of conceptual categories to create
grammatical categories
phonics approach - ANSWERan approach to teaching reading that starts with basic
elements like letters and phonemes and teaches children that phonemes can be
combined into words before moving on to reading as a whole
semantics - ANSWERthe study of the meanings of words
egocentric speech - ANSWERa limitation of young children's communication due to
their inability to take the perspective of other people into account
nativism - ANSWERa theory of language development that hypothesizes that human
brains are innately wired to learn language and that hearing spoken language triggers
the activation of a universal grammar
morpheme - ANSWERthe smallest unit of language that has meaning and may be a
part of a word
phonological awareness - ANSWERlearning to recognize letters of the alphabet and the
sounds associated with each of them
pragmatic communication disorder - ANSWERa language disorder in which the child
has difficulty with verbal and non-verbal communication
syntactic bootstrapping - ANSWERthe use of syntax to learn the meaning of new words
receptive language - ANSWERthe ability to understand words or sentences
overregularization - ANSWERa type of grammatical error in which children apply a
language rule to words that don't follow that rule or pattern
developmental bilingual programs - ANSWERprograms in which English language
learners receive instruction in core subjects in their native language until they have the
skills to be instructed in English
mutual exclusivity constraint - ANSWERan assumption made by language learners that
there is one and only one name for an object
cognitive processing theory - ANSWERthe theory that learning language is a process of
"data crunching", in which that actual process of learning words and their meanings
relies on the computational ability of the human brain
balanced reading approach - ANSWERan approach to teaching reading that combines
elements of the whole language approach (which emphasizes comprehension and
, meaning) with elements of the phonics approach (which emphasizes decoding of
words)
universal grammar - ANSWERa hypothesized set of grammatical rules and constraints
proposed by Chomsky that is thought to underlie all languages and that is hardwired in
the human brain
Echolalia - ANSWERa condition seen in autistic children in which they repeat what has
been said to them instead of responding appropriately
whole language instruction - ANSWERa way to teach reading that emphasizes
understanding the meaning of words from the context in which they appear
expressive language - ANSWERthe written or spoken language that we use to convey
our thoughts, emotions, or needs
Asperger's disorder - ANSWERa disorder at the mild end of the autism spectrum,
marked by a relatively high level of functioning but repetitive routines, inappropriate
social and emotional behavior, and uncoordinated motor movements
fast mapping - ANSWERa process by which children apply constraints and their
knowledge of grammar to learn new words very quickly, often after a single exposure
dyslexia - ANSWERa learning disability in which individuals have difficulty distinguishing
or separating the sounds in spoken words, creating problems with spelling and reading
constraints - ANSWERassumptions that language learners make that limit the
alternative meanings that they attribute to new words
morphology - ANSWERthe way words are formed from the sounds of a language and
how these words are related to other words
phonology - ANSWERthe study of the sounds of a language
syntax - ANSWERthe grammar of a language
knowledge telling - ANSWERa style of writing (typical of younger children) in which the
writer proceeds with little or no evidence of planning or organization of ideas, with the
goal of telling as much as he knows about the topic
transitional bilingual education programs - ANSWERprograms in which English
language learners receive some instruction in their native language while they also
receive concentrated instruction in learning English
vocabulary burst - ANSWERthe rapid growth of a child's vocabulary that often occurs in
the second year
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