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NR507. Advanced Pathophysiology Questions with correct Answers
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NR507. Advanced Pathophysiology
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NR507. Advanced PathophysiologyChemicals secreted by cells - answer hormones
neurotransmitters
cytokines
Three Methods of Communication between cells - answer Gap junction
chemical secretion
Remote Signaling
remote signaling - answerchemicals secreted can travel near or far to a specific cell
chemical secretion - answercells secrete chemicals into the bloodstream
gap junction - answerA type of intercellular junction in animals that allows the passage
of materials between cells.
signal transduction - answerA series of molecular changes that converts a signal on a
target cell's surface to a specific response inside the cell.
cellular metabolism - answerall of the chemical reactions that are part of maintaining
cellular function
Anabolism - answerMetabolic pathways that construct molecules, requiring energy.
catabolism - answerMetabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anaerobic metabolism - answerThe metabolism that takes place in the absence of
oxygen; the principle product is lactic acid.
aerobic metabolism - answerThe cellular process in which oxygen is used to metabolize
glucose. Energy is produced in an efficient manner with minimal waste products.
leukotrines - answermediator of degranulation that tend to cause prolonged contractions
of certain smooth muscles and their action contributes to the spasms of the bronchial
tubes that occur during asthma attacks
Prostaglandins - answerIntensify histamine and kinin effect
Hapten - answersmall molecule that has to bind to a larger molecule to form an antigen
tetrad of inflammation - answerredness
swelling
, heat
pain
First line of immunity - answerintact skin and mucous membranes
Second line of immunity - answerInflammation
2 types of inflammation - answeracute - <2 wks
chronic - >2 wks
What are the 2 responses in acute inflammation? - answerconstriction of large vessel
walls and dilation of capillaries
How do mast cells recruit other WBC? - answerrelease of chemotactic factors that
signal other WBCs
Leukotrienes - answeractivate and attract neutrophils and eosinophils
What chemical mediators are synthesized by mast cells? - answerleukotrienes and
prostaglandins
How do mast cells synthesize chemical mediators? - answerOxidation of arachidonic
acid
prostiglandins - answerfatty acids involved in the control of inflammation and body
temperature
stimulate nerve endings = pain
Antigen - answerlarge molecules that are foreign to the host
PAMP - answerpathogen-associated molecular pattern- molecular pattern on surface of
bacteria, viruses, and other microbes
DAMP - answerdamage-associated molecular pattern - proteins that are released from
human cells when they are damaged
PRR - answerPattern Recognition Receptors. Receptors that recognize PAMPs or
DAMPs
Diapedesis - answerpassage of blood cells (especially white blood cells) through intact
capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue
Chemotaxis - answerCell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus in the
direction of the Ag
the primary phagocytic WBCs - answerneutrophils and monocytes
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