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Schertz EMS Academy - AAOS 12th Edition - Exam 3 Review Questions and Answers
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Schertz EMS Academy - AAOS 12th Edition - Exam 3 Review
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Schertz EMS Academy - AAOS 12thEdition - Exam 3 Review
S/S of a Traumatic brain injury (TBI) - Answer -*Loss of consciousness from several
minutes to hours.
*Persistent headache or headache that worsens.
*Repeated vomiting or nausea.
*Convulsions or seizures.
*Dilation of one or both pupils of the eyes.
*Clear fluids draining from the nose or ears.
*Inability to awaken from sleep.
*Bradycardia
Rate
Adequate breathing:
-Adult: /min
-Child: /min
-Infant: /min - Answer --Adult: 12-20/min
-Child: 15-30/min
-Infant: 25-50/min
Rate
Inadequate breathing: - Answer -- Above or below normal rates for the pts age group
Rhythm
Adequate breathing:
-?
Inadequate breathing:
-? - Answer -Adequate breathing:
-regular
Inadequate breathing:
-may be irregular
Quality of Sounds
,Adequate breathing:
-?
Inadequate breathing:
-? - Answer -Quality of Sounds
Adequate breathing:
-present and equal
Inadequate breathing:
-diminished, unequal, or absent
Chest expansion
Adequate breathing:
-?
Inadequate breathing:
-? - Answer -Chest expansion
Adequate breathing:
-adequate and equal
Inadequate breathing:
-inadequate or uneven
Effort of breathing
Adequate breathing:
-?
Inadequate breathing:
-? - Answer -Effort of breathing
Adequate breathing:
-unlabored, normal resp. effort
Inadequate breathing:
-labored: Increased resp effort; use of accessory muscles (may be pronounced in
children and infants and involve nasal flaring, seesaw breathing, grunting, and
retractions between ribs and above the clavicle and sternum)
Depth
Adequate breathing:
,-?
Inadequate breathing:
-? - Answer -Depth
Adequate breathing:
-adequate
Inadequate breathing:
-too shallow
Proper Endotracheal (ET) tube location: - Answer --passes directly through the larynx
between the vocal cords and into the trachea.
In the prehospital setting, gastric tubes are used primarily to: - Answer -decompress the
stomach.
Atrophy is a condition that occurs when: - Answer -muscle decreases in size and
function because of disease, trauma, or not used.
Strain: - Answer -Injury to muscle or muscle-and-tendon. may occur from overextension,
overstretching, extreme stress, or fatigue. causes pain that increases with use of
muscle.
Sprain: - Answer -Injury to joint, especially ligaments. immediate pain upon injury. joint
becomes swollen
Le fort fracture: - Answer -a group of fractures that affect the midface of the skull and
collectively involve a partial or complete separation of the midface from the skull.
4 skull fractures: - Answer --Linear
-Depressed
-Diastatic
-Basilar
Linear skull fractures: - Answer -This is the most common type of skull fracture.
Depressed skull fractures - Answer -This type of fracture may be seen with or without a
cut in the scalp.
Basilar skull fracture: - Answer -fracture at the base of the skull
Open vault fracture - Answer -see grey matter
, Linear skull fractures make up __________ of all skull fractures. - Answer -80%
What is the most commonly broken bone in the body? - Answer -Clavicle fractures
A greenstick fracture: - Answer -occurs when a bone bends and cracks, instead of
breaking completely into separate pieces.
Why is a dislocation potentially dangerous? - Answer -it can damage blood vessels and
nerves by compression or tearing.
When deformity and pain are found at a joint, what should be suspected? - Answer -
Dislocation
A 45-year-old female was the unrestrained passenger of a small car that rear-ended
another vehicle at a moderate rate of speed. She is conscious and alert, but complains
of pain to both of her knees. There is visible damage to the dashboard on the
passenger's side of the vehicle. In addition to fractures or dislocations of the knees, you
should be MOST suspicious for: - Answer -Posterior hip dislocation
The MOST common and significant complication associated with fractures or
dislocations of the knee is: - Answer -Neurovascular compromise, ligament, and
cartilage damage.
A 20-year-old male collided with another player during a hockey game and complains of
severe pain to the left shoulder. Assessment reveals that the clavicle is bulging
anteriorly at the shoulder. The EMT should suspect: - Answer -Separation of the
acromioclavicular joint.
The disruption of a joint in which the bone ends are no longer in contact is called a: -
Answer -dislocation.
A primary, or direct, brain injury: - Answer -is an injury to the brain and its associated
structures that results instantaneously from impact to the head.
A secondary, or indirect, brain injury: - Answer -injury occurs as a result of the primary
injury. Examples of secondary injuries include cerebral edema, intracerebral
hemorrhage, infection, hypoxia, and increased intracranial pressure.
Most important treatment in treating poison: - Answer -The most important treatment
you can perform is diluting and/or physically removing the poisonous agent.
Most often, you will not be administering an antidote.
How you provide treatment depends on how the poison got into the body
Always contact medical control before you proceed with the treatment.
Interventions for poisons: - Answer --Supporting the ABCs is your most important task.
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