What is depression overall - Change in mood that is expressed by feelings of sadness,
despair, and pessimism
How many experience a depressive episode in the last year - 6.7% of those over 18
Who is depression more common in - Women
More in those 45 or younger
Social class - > low socioeconomic
No constant link between race
Single and divorced people are more likely to -> lacking close personal relationship
Seasonal
Major depressive disorder - Answer Characterized by depressed mood
Loss of interest or pleasure in activities
Symptoms last at LEAST 20 weeks
No history of manic behavior
Cannot attribute to other substances or medical conditions
What is dysthymia - Answer persistent depressive disorder
Sad or down in the dumps
No evidence of psychotic symptoms
What is premenstrual dysphoria disorder - Response Depressed mood, anxiety, mood
swings, decreased interest in activities
, Symptoms occur during or a week prior to menses. Start to improve within a few days
Substance or medical induced depressive disorder - Response Considered to be direct
result of physiological effects of a substance
Depressive disorder associated with another medical condition - Response Attributable
to the direct physiological effects of a general medical condition
What are the biological predisposing factors of depression - Answer Genetic: hereditary
links
Biochemical: deficiency of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine. Excess cholinergic
transmission
Neuro endocrine disturbances: possible hypothalamic-pituitary-Adrenocortical axis
failure. Possible finished release thyroid stimulating hormone
Physiological influences - Answer Medication side effects
Neurological disorder
Electrolyte disturbances
Hormonal disorders
Nutrtional deficiencies
Other physiological conditions
The role of inflammation
Psychoanalytical theory of depression - A loss is internalized and become directed
against the ego
learning theory of depression - learned helplessness
Individual who experiences numerous failures learns to give up trying
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