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NU 318 Unit 1 Guide With Complete Solution

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NU 318 Unit 1 Guide With Complete Solution...

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  • September 22, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NU 318
  • NU 318
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Belina
NU 318 Unit 1 Guide With
Complete Solution

Genetics - ANSWER the study of heredity and the variation of inherited
characteristics.

Genomics - ANSWER The study of the function of all the nucleotide sequence
present within the entire genome of a species. Including genes in DNA
coding regions and non-coding regions.

Sex cells - ANSWER These are the only cells in our body that do not contain
the entire human genome, they contain half.

Gene - ANSWER sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus
determines a trait

DNA - ANSWER deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in
nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the
carrier of genetic information.

Chromosomes - ANSWER threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that
contain the genes

gene expression - ANSWER The activation of a gene allowing its product to
be made by the cell.

Hydrogen bonds - ANSWER Weak connections between nucleic acids (bases)
in DNA

adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine - ANSWER The four bases in DNA that

,are nitrogen containing compounds and are made up of amino acids

Pyrimidines - ANSWER cytosine and thymine (single ring)

Purines - ANSWER Adenine and Guanine (2 rings)

Mitosis - ANSWER cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei
containing the same number of chromosomes

G0 - ANSWER a resting stage of the cell cycle in which DNA replication and
cell division stop and normal cell functioning occurs

G1 - ANSWER Cell takes on nutrients, generates more energy, increases
membrane size and cytoplasm.

S phase - ANSWER The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of
interphase during which DNA is replicated.

G2 - ANSWER Final preparation phase. Cell checks for DNA errors and begins
to form centrosomes. (Prepares for Mitosis) Also, production of proteins
important for cell division

M phase - ANSWER The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis,
nucleokinesis and cytokinesis resulting in two equal daughter cells.

DNA helicase - ANSWER An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix
during DNA replication

DNA ligase - ANSWER A linking enzyme essential for DNA replication;
catalyzes the covalent bonding of the 3' end of a new DNA fragment to the 5'
end of a growing chain.

DNA polymerase - ANSWER Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins
individual nucleotides to strand produce a DNA molecule, proofreads and

, edits base pairs

DNA topoisomerase - ANSWER an enzyme that alleviates DNA supercoiling
during DNA replication, before the fork

Primase - ANSWER An enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to make the
primer, initiates new protein synthesis

SSB proteins - ANSWER Helps keep the two single strands separated long
enough for initiation of DNA replication.

Ploidy - ANSWER number of sets of chromosomes in a cell at mitosis,
humans have 46 chromosomes combined in 23 pairs.

haploid chromosome number - ANSWER A complete set of one of each
chromosome (1N) representing 23 individual chromosomes.

diploid chromosome number - ANSWER When the nucleus contains both
pairs of all chromosomes (2N)

Polyploidy - ANSWER condition in which an organism has extra sets of
chromosomes (3N or 4N)

Telomeres - ANSWER DNA at the tips of chromosomes that keeps it from
unraveling.

Karyotype - ANSWER A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged
by size and shape during metaphaseof mitosis.

metacentric - ANSWER centromere is in the middle

submetacentric - ANSWER centromere slightly off center

acrocentric - ANSWER Describes a chromosome whose centromere is placed
very close to, but not at, one end,with little to no P arm.

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