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RIM 102 Exam 1 with complete solutions 2024_2025
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RIM 102 Exam 1 with complete solutions 2024_2025
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CRIM 102 Exam 1 with complete solutions2024/2025
Why is crime important? - ANSWER-- safety and fear are directly related to how
societies function
- how crime is defined reveals a lot about a society
- how crime is dealt with reveal even more
- understanding the causes of crime give us power to
eliminate/alleviate/rehabilitate crime and criminals to improve society
Criminology - ANSWER-the study of crime
What is criminology? - ANSWER-1. the processes of making and breaking laws
2. the causes of crime
3. how crime is related to culture/social/class/age/etc
One thing all criminologists agree on is - ANSWER-that nobody agrees on the
causes of crime
Origin and Evolution of Criminology - ANSWER-- laws and punishments have
been around for thousands of years
- often times resulting in revenge killing or trial by combat
- Enlightenment
- experience-based reasoning
- Social Contract
Experience-Base Reasoning - ANSWER-must be logical and rational punishments
that are proportional the crime
Social Contract - ANSWER-Hobbes (1588-1679)
agreement to sacrifice some personal freedom in exchange for protection from
, government
Classical School of Criminology - ANSWER-- Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794)
- Concepts: deterrence, free will, and punishment must be: certain, severe, and
swift
Classical Criminology advanced thought in two major ways: - ANSWER-1. crime
was no longer believed to be a function of religion, superstition, or myth beyond
the control of humankind
2. crime was seen as the result of free will
Positivism - ANSWER-developed in 1800s Europe
- stressed the identification of patterns and consistencies in observable facts
- believed we could determine the causes of behaviors by explaining known
patterns
Determinism - ANSWER-- human behavior is caused by factors specific to the
individual, such as biological and psychological issues
- Cesare Lombroso
- believed he could tell who was a criminal based on their body types
- criminals are "evolutionary throwbacks to earlier times"
- female criminals would look and act "more like men"
Similarities between Positivism and Determinism - ANSWER-both stressed
looking at evidence and patterns of behavior
Differences between Positivism and Determinism - ANSWER-Determinism
believed that people did not choose to commit crime, but rather acted based on
certain characteristics they could not control
Chicago School - ANSWER-- American 1920s Industrial Revolution
- University of Chicago Sociology Department
- looked at the natural development of American Cities (Chicago most
importantly)
- found that cities developed "organically" and could predict crime patterns
based on the geography of a city
- Among the first to provide evidence that certain characteristics of your
surrounding can influence crime
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