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NUR 280 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
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NUR 280 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE...
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NUR 280 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERSLATEST UPDATE
Plasma Membrane
- protects internal organelles
- barrier from external environment
- selectively semipermeable
- glycoproteins (antigen) tells blood type
Sodium-Potassium Pump
- Na+ ions higher concentration outside cell
- K+ ions higher concentration inside cell
- Uses energy to actively transport across cell membrane
- 3Na+ for 2K+
- medications can alter it
Mitochondria
- Cell's energy producer
- Aerobic Metabolism: requires O2
- Cellular hypoxia = anaerobic metabolism (glycolysis)
- Unique DNA, only in mitochondria
- Mutated by free radicals; passed mother to child
Ribosomes
- Protein-producing structures
- with hypoxia, a decrease in protein synthesis occurs
,Nucleus
- cell boss
- contains DNA
- transcription occurs here
DNA
- composed of nucleotides, purine bases, pyrimidine bases
- during replication one strand remains and the other goes
RNA
mRNA - instructions for what to do next
rRNA - amino acids linkage
tRNA - instruction follower
Nucleotide Base Pairs
A with T and C with G
Transcription
- it takes place in the nucleus
DNA helix untwists and separates
single strand RNA
Translation
happens in ribosomes
Protein Synthesis
, Producing proteins in a manner based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA
Atrophy
less or no use; cells becoming smaller
Hypertrophy
cells become larger
Dysplasia
do not align normally, does not get smaller or bigger; may change shape
Hyperplasia
increase in cells; overcompensation or hormonal; increase in number
Metaplasia
replacement by another cell type
Neoplasia
new growth
precancer or cancerous cell
Benign
Cells appear like normal cells
well-differentiated cells
Tumors -do not metastasize
-well defined borders
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