growth can be viewed as a _______________ change and development as a
_______________ change - Answer quantitative; qualitative
cephalocaudal vs proximodistal - Answer cephalocaudal - head downwards
proximodistal - center of the body outward toward extremities
Stimuli affecting growth and development - Answer heredity, nutritional status,
, diseases, culture, socio-economic status, pre-natal influences and social networks
Physical developmental milestones for an infant (birth-12 months) - Answer - weight
doubles by 6 months and triples by 12 months
- height increased by a foot
- gain 6-8 teeth
birth - 1 month - Answer hand in fist, follows objects in sight
2-4 months-moro reflexes fade, head lag lessens, turns head to sound, roll side to back
4-6 months-palmar grasp, holds bottle, mouths objects, no head lag, holds weight while
standing with support
6-8 months-sits without support, recognizes own name, pincer grasp begins, most
newborn reflexes are gone, bounces on one leg in standing position
8-10 months - Response pincer grasp, crawls, pulls self from sit to standing by 10
months, may say 1 word
10-12 months - Response may hold crayon and scribble, stands alone, walks holding
furniture, stand to sit, plays peek-a-boo
physical developmental milestones for a toddler (1-3 years) - Response - by age 2,
weight has quadrupled
- one half of the adult height
- saying "no"
- 33 months = eruption of deciduous teeth
common syndrome of movement and posture development disorder, lacks muscle tone
and coordination - Answer cerebral palsy **all children will have motor impairment**
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