MICR 3230 Midterm Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)
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Course
MICR 3230
Institution
MICR 3230
MICR 3230 Midterm Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) What is immunity? The state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances (antigens) How do you generate immunity without disease? Immunization What does immunization do? Prepares the immune system for eradication of the ...
The immune response is:
An extra-/intracellular cascade of events leading to the labeling & destruction of
pathogen after ligand binding
Cells that recognize & kill/engulf pathogen labelled:
CELLULAR immunity
Soluble proteins for labeling & destruction of invaders labelled:
HUMORAL immunity
Immune responses rely on:
Recognition molecules
Recognition molecules are:
Encoded in DNA - always expressed - PRRs
PRRs bind to PAMPs
Randomly generated
, Explain clonal selection:
Individual B and T cells have specificity for single antigen
Each has many copies of a receptor that only binds to 1 antigen
When B or T cell reacts w antigen it's SELECTED & ACTIVATED
Activation --> proliferation --> large # of clones
Each clone responds to original pathogen
Cells not activated are deleted
Tolerance ensures:
That the immune system avoids destroying host tissue from anti-self antibodies
2 systems that respond to pathogens:
Innate
Adaptive
The innate system:
First line of defense
Fast but NOT specific
Uses inherited recognition molecules & phagocytic cells
The adaptive system:
Humoral & cell-mediated
Slow (5-6 days)
Uses randomly generated antigen receptors
Highly specific
How do the innate & adaptive systems work together?
The innate gives out signal molecules (cytokines & chemokines) that direct adaptive
response
Primary response (memory):
First exposure to the antigen
Memory lymphocytes left behind after the antigen is cleared
Secondary response (memory):
Second exposure stimulates the memory lymphocytes
Faster, more significant, better response
The 2 dysfunctions of immunity are:
Overly active/misdirected
Immunodeficiency (primary or secondary)
What is the microbiome?
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