Exam (elaborations)
NUR 426 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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NUR 426 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024
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NUR 426 EXAM 3What is the difference between communicable and noncommunicable diseases?
- communicable: spreads from one person to another but doesn't usually result in
long term health consequences
- noncommunicable: not caused by infection and results in long term
consequences requiring long term treatment and care
why does influenza B need to be reported to the state health department?
- it is a communicable respiratory disease that has a high mortality rate among
children, older adults, already sick people, and immunosuppressed individuals
- it is seasonal (peak in december and february) so collecting data on the
incidence rate helps us to determine how effective vaccines are against it
How do we prevent the spread of communicable diseases between countries?
recommend vaccines (primary prevention) against diseases that have a high
prevalence in a geographic location BEFORE the person travels there
ex: if going to north or west africa, CDC recommends getting hep A, hep B,
typhoid, cholera, yellow fever, rabies. anthrax, and meningitis vaccines
What type of surveillance method includes collecting mosquitos when trying to
determine if a certain virus is being carried by mosquitoes?
active surveillance
,what is the cycle of transmission? relevance to dealing with E. coli?
- cycle includes: agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of
entry, susceptible host
- relevance: breaking the cycle of transmission in some way (clean water supply,
implementation of food processing regulations, proper food handling, and hand
hygiene) can help to prevent spread of this highly virulent disease
what mode of transportation is most common for diarrheal diseases?
fecal oral route
What communicable disease has a high prevalence among the homeless
population?
Tuberculosis
what is the purpose of surveillance data?
it is used to plan, implement, and evaluate public health intervention programs
what is the purpose of investigating disease patterns?
investigation of typical disease features, risk factors, and causes can help to
ensure that the disease identified in an individual is accurate which helps to
makes sure they are receiving the correct treatment
what precautions are important for a TB patient?
, negative pressure room, wear an N95 when in the patients room, ensure patient
wears a surgical mask during transportation
What is active immunity?
long term protection (can be lifelong) when the body makes the antibodies after
exposure to the antigen (either through the exposure to the actual illness or
through vaccination)
what is passive immunity?
short term immunity using antibodies produced outside the body
- artificial passive immunity: antibody injections
- natural passive immunity: from mother to baby through placenta or
breastfeeding
What is fomite transmission?
pathogen lives on an inanimate object and passed to pt. (bedside table -- EX - c
dif)
what is aerosol or airborne transmission?
droplets smaller than 5 microns transfer from one human or organism to another
(TB, measles, SARS, varicella)
What is oral transmission?
infection spread through food or water (e. coli)
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