Principle of Charity - ANSWER when interpreting someone's argument, we should always try to identify the best version of the argument that the author could plausibly have intended to put forward.
inductive argumen
proposition - ANSWER theory argument statement
t - ANSWER Creating a case by p...
CRITICAL THINKING REASON AND EVIDENCE
Principle of Charity - ANSWER when interpreting someone's argument, we should always try to
identify the best version of the argument that the author could plausibly have intended to put
forward.
proposition - ANSWER theory argument statement
inductive argument - ANSWER Creating a case by providing specific examples and drawing a
conclusion based on the evidence they provide
sound - ANSWER valid deductive with true premises
invalid argument - ANSWER a deductive argument that does not offer logically conclusive
support for the conclusion
begging the question - ANSWER when an argument's premises assume the truth of the
conclusion, instead of supporting it
the Fallacy fallacy - ANSWER When someone uses the fact that a fallacy was committed to
justify rejecting the conclusion of the fallacious argument.
anchoring - ANSWER rely on the first piece of information encountered or information comes
quickly to mind
selection bias - ANSWER focus on effects rather than causes can lead to inaccurate conclusions
about correlation or causation
slippery slope - ANSWER assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that
cannot be prevented
,fallacy - ANSWER mistaken belief
hasty generalization - ANSWER jumps to a general conclusion on the basis of insufficient
evidence.
Appeal to Unqualified Authority - ANSWER relies on the opinions of the opinions of people
who have no expertise. knowledge
abductive - ANSWER inference to the best explanation
generic fallacy - ANSWER assumes that something can be fully explained by pointing to its
original or first state of existence.
Red herring - ANSWER attempt to redirect a conversation away from its original topic.
Straw man - ANSWER Informal fallacy refuting a weaker distorted version of the original
argument.
False Cause - ANSWER When someone incorrectly assumes that a relation exists between two
things or events
NON- propositions - ANSWER are sentences that do not express propositions (they cannot be
true or false)
exhort - ANSWER to urge strongly (let's go get dinner)
premise - ANSWER an assumption; the basis for a conclusion
Premise indicators - ANSWER because, since, for, for example, for the reason that, in that,
given that, as indicated by, due to, owing to, this can be seen from, we know this by
, conclusion indicators - ANSWER therefore, wherefore, thus, consequently, we may infer,
accordingly, we may conclude, it must be that, for this reason, so, entails that, hence, it follows
that, implies that, as a result
Modus Ponens - ANSWER affirming the antecedent
if p then q
p
therefore q
Modus tollens - ANSWER - Denying the consequent
- If p then q
Not q
Therefore, not P
confirmation bias - ANSWER a tendency to search for information that supports our
preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
exhibiting bias - ANSWER if evidence doesn't fully support a particular conclusion
cognitive bias - ANSWER error in thinking that involves processing threatening information or
interpreting ambiguous information negatively
optimization problem - ANSWER find the best available action and then failed.
heuristic - ANSWER a short-cut, step-saving thinking strategy or principle which generates a
solution quickly (but possibly in error)
upshots - ANSWER we should not trust our intuition.
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