Chapter 1: GOV / CIV 2024 Study Guide Test.
John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights...
John Locke - CORRECT ANSWER English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in
which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government
serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.
Thomas Hobbes - CORRECT ANSWER English materialist and political philosopher who advocated
absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the
selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)
Aristotle - CORRECT ANSWER A Greek Philosopher that divided government in deviant and virtuous
forms and preferred direct democracy
Montesquieu - CORRECT ANSWER (1689-1755) wrote 'Spirit of the Laws', said that no single set of
political laws was applicable to all - depended on relationship and variables, supported division of
government (separation of powers)
Rousseau - CORRECT ANSWER (1712-1778) Believed that society threatened natural rights and
freedoms. Wrote about society's corruption caused by the revival of sciences and art instead of it's
improvement. He was sponsored by the wealthy and participated in salons but often felt uncomfortable
and denounced them. Wrote "The Social Contract."
Power - CORRECT ANSWER The ability of one person to get another person to act in accordance with the
first person's intentions. Can determine, regulate and influence behavior
Sovereignty - CORRECT ANSWER Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal
affairs by other states.
Legitimacy - CORRECT ANSWER Political authority conferred by law or by a state or national constitution
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