Exam (elaborations)
NAS EXAM #2 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2024/2025
- Course
- NAS 2
- Institution
- Rasmussen College
NAS EXAM #2 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2024/2025
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NAS EXAM #2 QUESTIONS WITH ANSSWhy is chemical energy required by cells? - The ANS is to maintain homeostasis
Define cell respiration as the mechanism for extracting energy from fuel molecules,namely the oxidation of
glucose to make ATP.
What is the function of decreased coenzymes? - ANS: They transfer energy toanother chemical.
Explain the role of oxidation-reduction reactions in the creation of ATP. - ANS A reaction that
delivers energy to reduced coenzymes for ATPproduction.
How can hydrogen atoms get involved in redox reactions? - ANS Redoxreactions normally result in
the loss of hydrogen atoms.
What happens to the energy contained in the freshly created reduced coenzyme?Why is this known as
phosphorylation? - ANS: Phosphorylation is the insertion of a phosphate group to a molecule.
Name the four processes of cell respiration - ANS 1. Glycolysis: 2. Acetylcoenzyme A is formed (3).
Krebs cycle, stage 4. Electron Transport Chain
Glycolysis is "anaerobic" while the other three routes are "aerobic." - ANSBecause oxygen is not
required to make ATP during glycolysis.
Where does glycolysis occur? - ANS in the cytoplasm.
1
,Two ATP molecules are required to divide a glucose molecule. However, glycolysis is the process by
which ATP is produced. How much ATP is producedthroughout this procedure, and what is the net gain?
- ANS: 4 ATP gross (2net)
How many reduced coenzyme molecules are created during glycolysis? -ANS 2.
Glycolysis produces two molecules. Identify them. - ANS: Pyruvic acid andNADH + H+
Describe the conditions that result in lactic acid generation. ANS: anaerobic,insufficient oxygen.
Further oxidation of pyruvic acid molecules occurs in the matrix of themitochondria.
Describe the two stages involved in the production of acetyl Co-enzyme A. - ANS 1. Decarboxylation
removes a molecule of CO2 from the pyruvate. Pyruvic acid is oxidized. 2. The acetyl group bonds to
Co-enzyme A to generateacetyl CoA.
Each glucose molecule produces six CO2 molecules as waste gas. How many CO2molecules are created
during glycolysis versus the Krebs cycle? - ANS 2: glycolysis, 4: Krebs cycle.
How much ATP is produced throughout the Krebs cycle? - ANS 2.
What happens to the remaining energy captured by the Krebs cycle? - ANS: Itis transferred to reduced
coenzymes, which pass via the ETC and are transformed to ATP.
2
, What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle? - ANS: The formation ofdecreased coenzymes.
What is the role of the electron transport chain? - ANS The production ofATP
What is a byproduct of the ETC reaction? ANS Water as the H- is liberatedand mixed with oxygen.
Define chemiosmosis: the process by which ATP is created as hydrogen ionsmigrate down a concentration
gradient.
Which protein enzyme is involved in chemiosmosis? - ANS: ATP Synthase.
Why is ATP production an example of an anabolic reaction? - ANS ATP isformed by combining simpler
molecules into more complex molecules.
Catabolism is defined as the breakdown of larger, more complex food molecules inorder to extract energy
from them.
Recognize the two distinct types of reactions involved in energy transfer. - ANS 1. Oxidation and
reduction reactions yield reduced coenzymes thatabsorb energy from high-energy fuel molecules.
2. ATP production processescreate ATP, which stores the energy derived from reduced coenzymes.
Describe an oxidation reaction and provide an example of this energy transfer process - ANS Oxidation
releases energy in the form of hydrogen atoms fromhigh-energy fuel molecules. One example is the
conversion of lactic acid to pyruvicacid.
3
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