NR565 Week Seven
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - ANSWER✅✅✅Symptoms include decreased urine output, swelling,
fatigue, shortness of breath, nausea, confusion, and chest pain.
Antacids - ANSWER✅✅✅Calcium carbonate (Tums) for quick relief by neutralizing stomach acid
Antacids for GERD - ANSWER✅✅✅Provide quick, short-term relief for breakthrough symptoms but
are not effective for long-term management of GERD.
Bismuth Subsalicylate - ANSWER✅✅✅Antidiarrheal medication causing gray/black stools and black
tongue due to bismuth sulfide formation.
Bismuth Sulfide - ANSWER✅✅✅Black or gray color in stool and black discoloration of the tongue
due to bismuth reacting with sulfur.
Black Box Warning - ANSWER✅✅✅A warning from the FDA indicating serious or life-threatening
risks associated with a medication, such as the one for metoclopramide regarding tardive dyskinesia.
Botulinum Toxin (Botox) Injections - ANSWER✅✅✅Injections into the pyloric sphincter to relax it
and aid in gastric emptying, primarily used for gastroparesis treatment.
Bulk-Forming Laxatives - ANSWER✅✅✅Safe laxatives during breastfeeding like Psyllium,
Methylcellulose, or Polycarbophil.
Calcium absorption impairment - ANSWER✅✅✅Reduced by PPIs, particularly affecting calcium
carbonate absorption, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures with long-term use.
Chronic Kidney Disease - ANSWER✅✅✅Possible increased risk with long-term PPI use
Cimetidine - ANSWER✅✅✅A drug that is a strong CYP450 enzyme system inhibitor
NR565 Week Seven
, NR565 Week Seven
Cimetidine (Tagamet) - ANSWER✅✅✅The H2 receptor antagonist most likely to interact with other
medications due to its significant effect on the CYP450 enzyme system.
Clostridium difficile Infection - ANSWER✅✅✅Symptoms include watery diarrhea, abdominal pain,
fever, nausea, and loss of appetite.
Concomitant Therapy - ANSWER✅✅✅Treatment regimen with PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and
metronidazole for H. pylori.
Constipation - ANSWER✅✅✅Difficulty in passing stools, often requiring lifestyle modifications or
medications for relief.
Cytoprotective Agents - ANSWER✅✅✅Medications that protect the stomach lining, like sucralfate
Domperidone - ANSWER✅✅✅A medication available in some countries that stimulates stomach
contractions, with fewer central nervous system side effects compared to metoclopramide.
Electrolyte Imbalances (e.g., Hypomagnesemia) - ANSWER✅✅✅Symptoms include muscle cramps,
weakness, tremors, heart palpitations, fatigue, numbness or tingling, and seizures.
Endoscopic Procedures for GERD - ANSWER✅✅✅Techniques like radiofrequency ablation or
endoscopic fundoplication that may be considered in some cases.
Endoscopic Pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) - ANSWER✅✅✅A minimally invasive procedure cutting the
muscles of the pyloric sphincter to improve stomach emptying, used in severe gastroparesis cases.
Erythromycin - ANSWER✅✅✅An antibiotic that can stimulate stomach contractions and is
sometimes used off-label for managing gastroparesis.
Exercise Regularly - ANSWER✅✅✅Engage in physical activities like walking or swimming to
stimulate intestinal activity.
NR565 Week Seven
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