science - answer Systematic approach for seeking & organizing
knowledge about the natural world
purpose of science - answer ◦To achieve a thorough understanding
of the phenomena under study
ABA seeks to - answer discover the real truths (not those held by
certain groups, organizations, etc.)
Three different types of investigations provide different levels of
understanding - answer 1. description
2. prediction
3. control
description - answer ◦Collection of facts about observed events
that can be quantified, classified, & examined for possible relations
with other known facts
◦Often suggests hypotheses or questions for additional research
prediction - answer ◦Relative probability that when one event
occurs, another event will or will not occur
◦Based on repeated observation revealing relationships between
various events
◦Demonstrates correlation between events
◦No causal relationships can be interpreted
◦Enables preparation
, control - answer ◦Highest level of scientific understanding
◦Functional relations can be derived
Specific change in one event (dependent variable)....
Can reliably be produced by specific manipulations of another event
(independent variable)...
And the change in the dependent variable was unlikely to be the
result of other extraneous factors (confounding variables)
◦Events can only really be "co-related"
Nearly impossible to factor out all other possible "causes"
attitudes of science - answer - Definition of science lies within the
behavior of scientists, not the instruments or materials they use
- Only known as science due to an overriding idea of "scientific
method"
- Fundamental assumptions about the nature of events
determinism - answer - Assumption upon which science is
predicted
- Presumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in
which all phenomena occur as the result of other events
- Events do not just occur at will
- Events are related in systematic ways
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