BIO 182 Comprehensive Exam 1 || With
Questions & 100% Accurate Answers
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,BIO 182 Comprehensive Exam 1 || With
Questions & 100% Accurate Answers
How has life evolved? - ANSWER - By means of natural selection
Scientific Method Definition - ANSWER - Deliberate and unbiased way of asking and
answering questions about the natural world
What are the steps to the scientific method? - ANSWER - Observation, hypothesis,
prediction, experiments of new observations, and theory
Observation - ANSWER - Allows us to ask focused questions about nature
Hypothesis - ANSWER - statement about nature that can be tested by experiments
and observations. They r testable because made future predictions about
observations
What's the difference between the living and nonliving environment? - ANSWER -
Living and nonliving worlds share the same chemical foundations and obey the same
physical laws. There is nothing special about our chemical components when taken
individually. However, the relative abundance of elements differ greatly.
What does the Earth's crust mainly consist of? - ANSWER - Oxygen and silicon with
significant amounts of Aluminum, iron, and calcium.
What do organisms mainly consist of - ANSWER - carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and
nitrogen
True or False: living and nonliving worlds follow the same chemical rules as living
things - ANSWER - True all living things are subjected to the same physical laws of
nature however the relative abundances in living and nonliving things greatly differ
First Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWER - Energy cannot be destroyed or created
only transformed. All organisms obtain energy from organic compounds or the sun.
second law of thermodynamics - ANSWER - degree of disorder (entropy) in the
universe tends to increase.
Why aren't viruses considered a living organism - ANSWER - They don't have the
ability to harness energy from the environment, they require cells as hosts in order to
read and use the information contained in their genetic material, and they require
cells as hosts in order to replicate.
When is there evolution? - ANSWER - When there is variation within a population of
organisms, and, that variation can be inherited, the variants best able to grow and
reproduce in a particular environment, they will contribute disproportionately to the
next generation, which leads to a change in the population over time.
,Prokaryotes - ANSWER - Lack membrane bound organelles. Unicellular. Lack a
membrane bound nucleus. Generally contain simple genomes. Lack introns. Less
number of genes relative to eukaryotes
What is considered prokaryotes? - ANSWER - Bacteria and Archaea
Do prokaryotes have a plasma membrane? - ANSWER - Yes everything has a
plasma membrane
Eukaryotes - ANSWER - Can be unicellular or multi-cellular, contain membrane
bound organelles, organelles, and a membrane bound nucleus Introns are spliced,
linear chromosomes, and large numbers of genes
What is considered to be eukaryotes - ANSWER - Animals, plants, fungi, and protists
What are the three domains of life - ANSWER - Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and
Archaea
Bacteria Domain (Eubacteria Kingdom) - ANSWER - Bacteria are prokaryotic,
plasma membrane composed of fatty acid chains (phospholipid layers), and cell
walls contain peptidoglycan. Gram positive vs negative, and Circular, double
stranded DNA
Archaea Domain - ANSWER - Prokaryotic, cell membrane composed of branded
hydrocarbon chains (Distict from both eukaryotes and bacteria.) Cell walls do NOT
contain peptidoglycan. The cell wall component between species, but is often
polysaccharides (many sugars) or glycoproteins. They contain circular DNA
Extreme Halo philesphiles - ANSWER - Love salt. They live very salty water
Hyperthermophiles - ANSWER - Love high heat
What are examples of Extremophiles - ANSWER - Archaea; they love extreme
habitats
Acidophiles - ANSWER - Love acid
Protista - ANSWER - Simple, predominately unicellular and have a wide variety of
methods to obtain nutrients (Ex Algae
Plantae - ANSWER - Multicellular, contain cell walls, obtain energy by
photosynthesis and absorption
Animalia - ANSWER - Multicellular, organized tissues, obtain nutrients by ingestion.
Examples: sponges, worms, vertebrates, insects etc.
Essential Cell Features - ANSWER - An ability to store and transmit information, a
plasma membrane that creates a distinct boundary separating the cell interior from
the external environment, and an ability to harness materials and energy from the
environment.
, Test Group - ANSWER - Researchers will add in variables into one group that might
have some sort of effect
Control Group - ANSWER - Expectation that no effect will occur
Variable - ANSWER - Feature of an experiment that is changed by experimentor
from one treatment to the next
Characteristics of Life - ANSWER - Reproduction, homeostasis, growth and
development, energy utilization, evolutionary adaptation, and response
What ensures the baseline and assures the experiment that everything is working as
it should - ANSWER - The control group assures everything is working fine
organization/order - ANSWER - Larger parts are made up of smaller parts, each with
a designated part
Metabolism - ANSWER - Living organisms must do chemical reactions for the
purpose of growth, development and energy utilization
Hierarchy of Higher Life - ANSWER - Atom, molecules, macromolecules, organelles,
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, Multi-organ systems
Resposiveness - ANSWER - Organisms must respond to external stimulus by
making internal changes (homeostasis)
Homeostasis - ANSWER - Maintaining constant internal conditions based on
external stimulus
Acclimization - ANSWER - Changing in the cells, tissues, and organs to support
homeostasis
Theory - ANSWER - General explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by a
large body of experiments and observations (good hypothesis + predicted outcomes)
Which of the following types of organisms are based on cellular life? - ANSWER - All
living organisms are based on cells
Which of the following types of organisms most likely resembles the first cells on
Earth? - ANSWER - Archaea/Bacteria
How to read phylogenetic Trees - ANSWER - The root of the tree represents the
ancestral lineage, the tips represent the descendants of that ancestor. As you move
from the root to the tips, you are moving forward in time
Nodes - ANSWER - Common ancestor (bottom of the phylogenetic trees)
Phylogenetic trees are what - ANSWER - Hypotheses about the evolution of species
based on data
