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MCB 3020 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MCB 3020 Exam 1 study guide
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Name: Score:76 Multiple choice questions
Term 1 of 76
what is the glycocalyx?
a type of organelle responsible for protein synthesis
additional extracellular polymers. typically made up of polysaccharides and facilitates
the formation of the biofilm
a structure that stores genetic information in prokaryotic cells
a network of interconnected membranes in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
Term 2 of 76
define microbiology
membrane-bound structure that contains the genetic material of the cell
chromatin= complex of DNA, histones, and other proteins
nucleosome= segment of DNA wrapped around a core of histones
study of viruses, infectious acellular agents
the branch of biology that studies microbes
,Term 3 of 76
name and define the three types of inclusions
1. FtsZ in cell division
2. MreB determines cell shape in ROD-shaped bacteria
3. CreS creates curve shape in Caulobacter crescentus bacteria (rare)
eukaryotes are organisms with cells that have DNA in a membrane-bound organelle,
(nucleus) and have other true membrane-bound organelles.
prokaryotes are organisms made up of a single cell lacking membrane-bound
organelles and nucleus
cellular organisms- made up of cells
-include fungi, protists, bacteria, and archaea
acellular organisms- not made of cells
-includes viruses, viroids, satellites, and prions
1. storage inclusion= store carbon, glycogen, amino acids, and other nutrients
2. microcompartments= serve as other functions besides storage
3. gas vacuples= regulate buoyancy in bacterial cells
,Term 4 of 76
why fixate specimen on slides? what are the two ways to do this?
a network of membranous tubules and flattened sacs. it transports proteins, lipids, and
other materials within the cell and is the major site of cell membrane synthesis
1. peripheral proteins= loosely associated with the outside of the cell membrane; easily
removed
2. integral proteins= cross into the hydrophobic portion of the bilayer so they are NOT
easily removed; can be called transmembrane protein when it crosses the entire
membrane
to ensure the specimen is in position and to preserve internal/ external structures.
heat fixation= bacteria and archaea; preserves morphology
chemical fixation= bigger cells; preserves morphology and internal structures
the extracellular portion of the cell wall commonly found in bacteria and archaea
-has a number of functions including protection from host defenses, adhesion to
surface, and protection against osmotic stress, predation, and ion&pH fluctuations.
, Term 5 of 76
what are the major differences between gram+ and gram- bacteria that causes them to stain
differently?
1. peripheral proteins= loosely associated with the outside of the cell membrane; easily
removed
2. integral proteins= cross into the hydrophobic portion of the bilayer so they are NOT
easily removed; can be called transmembrane protein when it crosses the entire
membrane
gram+ = primarily made of THICK peptidoglycan; some have TEICHOIC ACID (adds
regidity to cell wall); have a layer of proteins on OUTER surface of peptidoglycan;
periplasmic space between PM and cell wall
gram- = THIN peptidoglycan layer; have an additional membrane called OUTER
MEMBRANE that plays role in defense and immunity; periplasmic space takes up 20-40%
volume
Scrapie (goats), BSE (cows), kuru (humans) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (humans).
microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules
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