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MCB3020 EXAM 1 BACUSMO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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MCB3020 EXAM 1 BACUSMO QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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  • September 21, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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107 Multiple choice questions

Term 1 of 107
What are the three components of the Eukaryotic cytoskeleton? (smallest -> largest)

cannulae: hollow, tubelike structures
hami: look like tiny grappling hooks and may be used for adhesion

microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules


gram-positive = blue/purple
gram-negative= red/pink

scrapie, BSE, kuru, and Creutz-Jakob disease

Term 2 of 107
What are the major examples of prion diseases?

scrapie, BSE, kuru, and Creutz-Jakob disease

Nucleic acid (RNA and DNA) in a protein coat

FtsZ in cell division
MreB determines cell shape in rod-shape bacteria
CreS creates curve shape in Caulobacter crescentus bacteria


gram-positive = blue/purple
gram-negative= red/pink

Term 3 of 107
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

smallest: viruses
largest: eukaryotic protists

produce an image of the details of the cell surface


carry genes for enzymes involved in metabolism


produce an image of the details inside of the cell

,Term 4 of 107
role of slime layer

similar to capsule except it is diffuse, less organized, and more easily removed; aids in
cell motility

where the single, circular, double-stranded chromosome and associated proteins
aggregate within the cell


additional extracellular polymers. typically made up of polysaccharides and facilitate
the formation of the biofilm


first to publish drawings of microorganisms in book Micrographic in 1665

Term 5 of 107
What is the key distinction between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

cell envelope: consists of the plasma membrane, cell wall, and layers outside of the cell
wall (glycocalyx)


membranous organelle that consists of stacked cisternae. it is involved in the
modification, packaging, and secretion of materials.

eukaryotes have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles that perform specific
functions

Cellular organisms: fungi, protists, bacteria, archaea
Acellular organisms: viruses, viroids, satellites, prions

Term 6 of 107
Define the role of the R plasmid

made up of a bilayer that consists of a sea of phospholipids with proteins floating in it

carry antibiotic resistance genes


capsule and slime layer

form a sex pilus and transfer DNA

,Term 7 of 107
Francesco Stelluti

consists of everything inside the cell envelope, including the cytoskeleton,
intracytoplasmic membranes, inclusions, ribosomes, the nucleoid, and plasmids


complexes of RNA and protein that serve as the site of protein synthesis within the cell

first to observe organisms (bees and weevils) under a microscope (1625-1630)

a process in which bacteria move toward an attractant and away from a repellent

Term 8 of 107
What external structure is unique to eukaryotes?

form a sex pilus and transfer DNA

cilia and flagella

capsule and slime layer

nucleic acids

Term 9 of 107
define a light and electron microscope.

rough ER: studded with ribosomes, which synthesize proteins
smooth ER: no ribosomes attached to it but has enzymes that synthesize lipids

structural stains: used to identify and highlight the structures of a bacterial cell.
three types: endospore stains, capsule stain, and flagellar stain

light microscope: involves passing light through one or more lenses to create a
magnified view of the sample
electron microscope: uses electrons rather than light

bright-field, dark-field, phase-contrast, fluorescence

, Term 10 of 107
What is the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and its role?

a network of membranous tubules and flattened sacs. it transports proteins, lipids, and
other materials within the cell and is the major site of cell membrane synthesis

Cellular organisms: fungi, protists, bacteria, archaea
Acellular organisms: viruses, viroids, satellites, prions

space between the plasma membrane and cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria

membranous organelle that consists of stacked cisternae. it is involved in the
modification, packaging, and secretion of materials.

Term 11 of 107
Prions often lead to _______ diseases that affect both humans and domesticated ______.

neurodegenerative; animals

virulence genes


capsule and slime layer

3.5 billion years ago

Term 12 of 107
describe the plasma membrane and its role

membranous organelle that consists of stacked cisternae. it is involved in the
modification, packaging, and secretion of materials.

bacterial and archaea: 70S with a 50S large subunit and 30S small subunit
eukaryotic: 80S with a 60S large subunit and 40S small subunit

selective permeable barrier that controls what substances enter and leave the cell; fluid
mosaic model

additional layer outside of the cell wall that consists of carbohydrates, proteins, and
lipids; has a capsule and slime layer

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