Exam (elaborations)
AMR EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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AMR EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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Name: Score:100 Multiple choice questions
Definition 1 of 100
- is the infection bacterial or viral?
- what type of bacteria are causing the infection?
- are the bacteria resistant to a particular drug?
- which drug are the bacteria susceptible to?
Bacterial diagnostics
Surveillance purpose:
Diagnostic strategies traditional diagnostics:
Diagnostics questions:
Definition 2 of 100
Peptide antibiotics are not the same as antimicrobial peptides. Antimicrobial peptides are
synthesized by ribosomes and peptide antibiotics are non-ribosomal (also no mRNA template).
Silent operons
Knowledge box
Honey
Virulence factor
Definition 3 of 100
- do not target the infection agent, but target the immune system
Antibodies
Antibiotics
Immunization
Vaccines
,Definition 4 of 100
- only use antibiotics when prescribed by a certified health professional
- never demand antibiotics if your health worker's advice when using antibiotics
- never share or use leftover antibiotics
- prevent infections by washing hands, avoiding close contact with sick people, practicing safe
sex, and keeping vaccination up to date
- avoid injuries and hospitals
- prepare food hygienically
adaptive immunity
Bacterial diagnostics
Prevention and control
Prodrugs examples:
Definition 5 of 100
- targets the immune response
(i.e. vaccines)
Strokes method
Antibiotics
Host-directed antimicrobials - organism level
antibiotic sensitivity test - dilution method
Definition 6 of 100
Sulfamethoxazole/ Trimethoprim
Challenges associated with vaccines
Innate immunity
Target same pathway
Take home message
,Definition 7 of 100
- performed at/near the patient
- portable
- rapid turnaround time
- provides actionable info that contributes to patient's well-being
challenges associated with vaccines
Goal of diagnostics:
Rapid diagnostics - Point of Care (POC)
Four core action to prevent AMR
Definition 8 of 100
- Patients with underlying heart condition or those who have prosthetic joints may require
antibiotics prior to dental procedures
- Dental procedures can induce infective endocarditis
Does antibiotic prophylaxis really work?
Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental procedures
Four core action to prevent AMR
challenges associated with vaccines
Definition 9 of 100
1. require education and training accrediting bodies to include a model curriculum in IP&AS
that is taught at all levels of healthcare
2. Highlight hand hygiene in curricula at all levels of training
Species-specific compounds
Diagnostics questions:
Balds's leech book
PACCARB recommendations:
, Definition 10 of 100
- epithelial barriers
- phagocytes
- dendrtitic cells
- complements
- NK cells
- Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a broad
range of pathogens.
- appears 0-12 hours after infection
adaptive immunity
innate immunity
antibiotics
Scope of search
Definition 11 of 100
- there are many gaps in information on pathogens of major public concern
- surveillance is neither coordinated/harmonized
- many common treatment options for bacterial infections are becoming ineffective
- negative impacts on outcomes for affected patients and health-care expenditures
- very high levels of resistance
- use TB, malaria, and HIV as a model
A person who carries an infective organism, but who does not manifest any signs of
infection.
Surveillance general conclusions:
Does antibiotic prophylaxis really work?
Lipinski's Rule of 5
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