IB Biology Study Practice Test.
What does it mean to be alive? (7) - CORRECT ANSWER - maintain homeostasis
- respond to stimuli
- adapt and evolve over time
- ability to reproduce
- growth and development
- uses nutrition (metabolizes)
- excretes waste
Totipotent stem cells - CORRECT A...
IB Biology Study Practice Test.
What does it mean to be alive? (7) - CORRECT ANSWER - maintain homeostasis
- respond to stimuli
- adapt and evolve over time
- ability to reproduce
- growth and development
- uses nutrition (metabolizes)
- excretes waste
Totipotent stem cells - CORRECT ANSWER Unlimited capability and have the ability to form the embryo
*Source:* zygote
Pluripotent stem cells - CORRECT ANSWER Capable of developing into every cell
*Source:* Blastocyst
Multipotent - CORRECT ANSWER Give rise to cells that have specific function
*Source:* Bone marrow
Properties of prokaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER - naked DNA
- no membrane bound organelles
- size: 1 um
- bacteria
Properties of eukaryotic cells - CORRECT ANSWER - chromosomes contain DNA
-membrane bound organelles
- size: 100 um
,- plant / animal
Endosymbiotic Theory - CORRECT ANSWER Explains that organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts
originated from a symbiotic relationship between two prokaryotic organisms
*Evidence:*
- Membranes
- DNA
- Reproduction
- Size
Components of the phospholipid bilayer - CORRECT ANSWER - hydrophilic head
- hydrophobic tail
- integral proteins (hydrophobic)
- peripheral proteins (hydrophilic)
- cholesterol (attracted to hydrophobic tails, one molecule is hydrophilic and attracted to hydrophilic
heads)
- immobilized enzymes with active site on the outside
- cell adhesion to form junctions between groups of cells in tissues and organs
- cell-to-cell communication (receptors for neurotransmitters)
- channels for passive transport to allow hydrophilic particles across by facilitated diffusion
- pumps for active transport
Cell theory - CORRECT ANSWER 1) All organisms are composed of cells
2) Cells are the smallest unit of structure in living things
3) Cells can only be formed by division of pre-existing cells
What is the purpose of cell division - CORRECT ANSWER Mitosis: The division of the nucleus into two
geneticall identical daughter nuclei
, 1) Reproduction
2) Organism growth
3) Repair and renew
Prophase - CORRECT ANSWER - centrioles move to opposite poles
- spindle fibers form on centrioles
- chromatids condense to replicated chromosomes
Metaphase - CORRECT ANSWER - spindle fibers attach to centromeres
- chromosomes align in the middle of cell
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER - spindle fibers pull centromeres towards poles
- chromosomes pull apart causing two identical chromatids to go into each cell
Telophase - CORRECT ANSWER - cleavage furrow forms
- nuclear envelope begins forming around chromatids
How can mutations cause cancer - CORRECT ANSWER Mutations are random changes to the base
sequence of genes. Mutations can result in uncontrolled cell division and therefore tumor formation.
Four carbon compounds - CORRECT ANSWER - proteins
- lipids
- carbohydrates
- nucleic acid
Ribose - CORRECT ANSWER - four carbon atoms are in the ring and one forms the side chain
Glucose - CORRECT ANSWER - five carbon atoms are in the ring and one forms the side chain
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