HIV 1 and HIV 2 - ANS What are the two types of HIV?
HIV 1 - ANS Which type of HIV is the most common?
Western Africa - ANS Where is HIV 2 mainly seen?
There is one gene that is different between the two viruses. This difference makes HIV 2 much
less virulent and is not as easily transmitted. - ANS What is the difference between HIV 1 and
HIV2?
Viral envelope - ANS What is HIV covered with?
gp 120 - ANS What is the protein protruding from HIV?
An HIV specific protein - ANS What is gp 120?
Enzymes which it uses for replication (reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease) - ANS
What does the HIV virus carry inside it?
The capsid - ANS What are HIV virus enzymes encased in?
CD4 cell - ANS What is the target cell for HIV?
CD4 receptor, CCR5 receptor and the CXCR4 receptor. - ANS What are the 3 receptors on the
CD4 cell membrane that are important to HIV?
HIV gp 120 binds to CD4 receptor and one of the other 2 receptors (CCR5 or CXCR4); gp 120
fuses with CD4 cell; viral RNA injected into cell cytoplasm; viral RNA then uncoated (capsid
removed) and enzyme reverse transcripase used to make DNA from the viral RNA; viral DNA
then travels to nucleus of cell where it is integrated into the host cell's DNA using enzyme
integrase; transcription begins which causes DNA to make new viral RNA particles; at
completion of transcription, translation begins and new viral proteins are produced; viral proteins
then gather beneath the cell membrane and a capsid is formed around them; it then buds
through the cell membrane and obtains a viral envelope; viral maturation occurs after virus buds
through cell membrane; larger immature viral proteins are cleaved into smaller functional viral
proteins by proteases; virus then leaves to infect more CD4 cells; infected CD4 cells eventually
rupu - ANS What is the pathogenesis of HIV?
Antigens cannot be recognized and an immune response will not be initiate - ANS What
happens when there isn't a sufficient amount of CD4 cells?
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