NR503 FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM WITH UPDATED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
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Course
NR503
Institution
NR503
NR503 FINAL EXAM NEWEST
ACTUAL EXAM WITH UPDATED QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS (GRADED A+)
Suppose that one third of all cervical cancer cases were smokers
as were one third of all controls and smoking status is
independent of HPV infection. Is smoking a potential confounder
in this study? - A...
Suppose that one third of all cervical cancer cases were smokers
as were one third of all controls and smoking status is
independent of HPV infection. Is smoking a potential confounder
in this study? - ANSWER-No, the chance of being a smoker
among women with cervical cancer is the same as that of being a
smoker among women without cervical cancer
A case-control study was conducted to determine if an
association exists between workers in uranium mines and loss of
fertility due to reduced sperm count. A group of 200 men with low
sperm count were identified from clinics located in areas with
uranium mines. Each selected case was matched with a randomly
selected male control on the following factors: race, age, area of
residence, and smoking status. What is the purpose of matching?
- ANSWER-Previous studies have shown that there are racial
differences in low sperm count
,2|Page
In a country with a population of 16 million people, 175,000
deaths occurred during the year ending December 31, 2005.
These included 45,000 deaths from tuberculosis (TB) in 135,000
persons who were sick with TB. Assume that the population
remained constant throughout the year. Not all 135,000 cases of
TB were contracted during 2005. Which of the following
statements is true? - ANSWER-Since the duration of TB can be
longer than 1 year, neither disease incidence nor prevalence can
be validly estimated by mortality indicators.
Which of the following statements pertains to relative survival? -
ANSWER-Relative survival is close to observed survival rate
when there are few competing causes of death. This occurs
primarily in younger age groups who are less likely to experience
mortality events compared to older age groups.
Before reporting the results of this survival analysis, the
investigators compared baseline characteristics of the 38 people
who withdrew from the study before its end to those who had
complete follow-up. This was done for which of the following
reasons: - ANSWER-To check whether those who remained in
the study represent the total study population
,3|Page
Which of the following is a key assumption involved in the use of
life-table analysis? - ANSWER-Life-table analysis depends upon
a consistent rate of survival during all periods of the study.
Changes in the rate of survival may be due to external influences
that are operating at later times on only a portion of the initial
population. Since those who have died earlier in the study period
will not experience these external influences, the comparison
between periods is rendered invalid.
When incidence density sampling is used in a case-control study,
which of the following is an important consideration? - ANSWER-
A subject selected as a control may later be selected as a case
A recent prospective study on baldness and coronary heart
disease (CHD) concluded that there was no association between
the two, despite earlier cross-sectional studies which showed that
baldness was associated with CHD when the two were
determined at the same time in men. Which Bradford-Hill criterion
is being tested by the newer study? - ANSWER-Temporality
, 4|Page
Which of the following is a measure of disease prognosis? -
ANSWER-Median Survival Time
A study examined the relation between use of estrogen
replacement therapy (ERT) and ovarian cancer mortality using a
prospective design. Of 24,231 eligible women, none had a prior
history of cancer, hysterectomy, or ovarian surgery at enrollment
in 1982. During 12 years of follow-up, 44 deaths from ovarian
cancer occurred. In the published results, the authors note that
12,543 were excluded from the original cohort due to missing
information for prior history variables. Which of the following is of
greatest concern when interpreting the study results? - ANSWER-
Selection bias
A study examined the relation between use of estrogen
replacement therapy (ERT) and ovarian cancer mortality using a
prospective design. Of 24,231 eligible women, none had a prior
history of cancer, hysterectomy, or ovarian surgery at enrollment
in 1982. During 12 years of follow-up, 44 deaths from ovarian
cancer occurred. In the published results, the authors note that
12,543 were excluded from the original cohort due to missing
information for prior history variables.
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