100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Organic chemistry test study guide notes for carboxylic acid derivatives amides esters and anhydrides reactivity principles nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions concept summary good for mcat $9.64   Add to cart

Summary

Organic chemistry test study guide notes for carboxylic acid derivatives amides esters and anhydrides reactivity principles nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions concept summary good for mcat

 5 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • Ochem
  • Institution

Document Description: Organic Chemistry Test Study Guide for Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Overview This document serves as a comprehensive study guide focused on carboxylic acid derivatives, specifically amides, esters, and anhydrides. It outlines the reactivity principles associated with these ...

[Show more]

Preview 1 out of 2  pages

  • September 20, 2024
  • 2
  • 2024/2025
  • Summary
  • Unknown
  • Ochem
avatar-seller
byebye
Organic Chemistry -Amides, Esters, and
Anhydrides
Test Study Guide: -Reactivity Principles

Ch.9 Carboxylic Acid -Nucleophilic Acyl
Substitution Reactions
Derivatives -And More

CONCEPT SUMMARY

Amides, Esters, and Anhydrides: Aesthetic Points

Amides

Formed through the condensation of carboxylic acids with ammonia or amines.
Named with the suffix -amide.
Substituted amides have alkyl groups prefixed with N- at the beginning of their names.
Cyclic amides are referred to as lactams, named using Greek letters corresponding to the carbon that bonds
with nitrogen (e.g., 9-lactam, γ-lactam).

Esters

Result from the condensation of carboxylic acids and alcohols via Fischer esterification.
Designated with the suffix -oate.
The esterifying group is indicated as a substituent without a numerical designation.
Cyclic esters are known as lactones, named based on the number of carbons in the ring and the Greek letter
for the carbon that bonds with oxygen (e.g., α-acetolactone, β-propiolactone).

Triacylglycerols and Saponification

Triacylglycerols are a form of fat storage, consisting of three ester bonds formed between glycerol and fatty
acids.
Saponification is the chemical process that breaks down fats using a strong base to produce soap, which
consists of salts derived from long-chain carboxylic acids.

Anhydrides

Anhydrides are formed through the condensation of two carboxylic acids, resulting in dimers.
Symmetric anhydrides are named after the parent carboxylic acid with “anhydride” appended. Asymmetric
anhydrides are named by listing the parent carboxylic acids in alphabetical order followed by “anhydride.”
Cyclic anhydrides can be synthesized by heating dioic acids, with five- or six-membered rings being particularly
stable.

Reactivity Principles

In nucleophilic substitution reactions, the reactivity hierarchy is as follows: anhydrides > esters > amides.
Steric hindrance occurs when substituents crowd the reactive site, potentially slowing or preventing reactions.
Protecting groups like acetals can be employed to enhance steric hindrance or reduce reactivity in specific
molecular regions.

Induction

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller byebye. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $9.64. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

82191 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$9.64
  • (0)
  Add to cart