Exam (elaborations)
PN106 GI AND GU EXAM LATEST UPDATED
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PN106 GI AND GU EXAM LATEST UPDATED ...
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Physical Assessment for GU - ANSWER -VS: Hypertension occurs withkidney disease
-Lung Sounds: Crackles indicate fluid overload
-Edema: Indicates fluid overload
-Daily Weights
-I&O
-Skin: Yellow or grey cast; uremic frost
urinary tract infection (UTI) - ANSWER -Invasion of the urinary tract by
bacteria
-Urinary tract sterile beyond the urethra
-Most common hospital-acquired infection (HAI)
-Mostly caused by E. Coli
UTI Risk Factors - ANSWER • Urinary retention
• Contamination in Peri area (faecal, intercourse, vaginitis, prostatitis,
genital piercings)
• Instrumentation
• Reflex from faulty valves
• Previous UTI
• Female anatomy
• Aging changes
UTI common s/s - ANSWER Urgency, frequency, burning, cloudy foul-
smelling urine, hematuria, pelvic pain
UTI s/s in older adults - ANSWER fatigue, confusion, delirium
UTI complications - ANSWER •Urosepsis: Sepsis caused by U T I
-Serious
-Common in older adult
, UTI Nursing Data Collection - ANSWER -Predisposing factors
Catheter, recent urinary instrumentation, surgery
-s/s
-Voiding pattern
-Inspect urine for volume, color, concentration, cloudiness, blood, foul
odor
-Review urinalysis and culture
UTI Nursing Process Nursing Care - ANSWER -Administer
antimicrobials as ordered
-Provide pain control: heat, urinary analgesics
-Monitor symptoms
-Monitor I&O
UTI Nursing Process Teaching - ANSWER -Medications: Take all
antimicrobial medications
-Increase fluids
-UTI s/s: recognize and report
-Prevention: Interventions
Kidney injury concerns - ANSWER -Loss of kidney function
-Azotemia (High levels of urea and other nitrogen compounds in the
blood)
-Oliguric (decreased to no urine output)
-High levels of K+ in blood
Process of urine formation - ANSWER Urine made in kidneys, goes
through ureters to bladder, stores in bladder, excreted through urethra
Effects of aging of GU - ANSWER • Bladder
-Decrease bladder size and tone of detrusor muscle
• Kidneys
-Decreased ability to concentrate urine
-Glomerular filtration rate decreases
-Nephrons decrease
• Males
-Prostate enlarges
•Females
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