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GMS 6530 Cardiac Exam With Actual Questions And Verified Detailed Answers Latest Update 100% Pass Guaranteed

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GMS 6530 Cardiac Exam With Actual Questions And Verified Detailed Answers Latest Update 100% Pass Guaranteed...

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  • September 19, 2024
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GMS 6530 Cardiac Exam With Actual Questions And Verified Detailed Answers
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Sympathetic innnervation - Answer - NE binds beta-1 receptors

- activates cAMP second-messenger system

- opens Ca2+ channels in sarcolemma



Parasympathetic innervation - Answer - ACh binds muscarinic receptors

- opens K+ channels in nodal cells allowing outflow

- hyperpolarizes them slowing HR down



K+ - Answer - electrolyte with greatest chronotropic effect

- hyper - excess diffuses into myocytes, slowing HR & causing irregularity

- hypo - hyperpolarizes cells, causing need for incaresed stimulation



Ca2+ - Answer - hyper - increases HR & contractility



Na+ - Answer - hyper - increases HR



% of capillaries shut down at any given time - Answer - 75%



Arteriosclerosis - Answer - harding of arteries with age

- decrease in elastic tissue



Atherosclerosis - Answer - build up of lipids that form plaque

, Vasomotor center of medulla - Answer - stimulates most BV to contract with the
exception of the vessels in heart



Physiologic hypertrophy - Answer - exercise, pregnancy

- cardiomyocytes increase in length and width

- balanced enlargment of chambers



Pathologic hypertrophy - Answer - concentric hypertrophy

- cardiomyocytes increase in width

- wall and septal thickening

- loss of chamber area



beta agaonists - Answer - epi, isoproterenol

- dopamine

- dobutamine



dopamine - Answer - shock

- beta 1 agonst

-increase contractility

- increase HR

- increase renal flow

- IV only, short 1/2 life, tachycardia, tolerance, increased mortality

dobutamine - Answer - end-stage shock

- beta 1 agonist at low dose

- alpha 1 agonist at high dose

- increase contractility

- modest decrease in afterload

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