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NURO671 Exam 1 Latest Update @
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NURO671 Exam 1 Latest Update@ 2024-2025
maternal mortality rate - Answer The number of maternal deaths during a given time
period per 100,000 women during the same time period
maternal mortality ratio - Answer number of maternal deaths that result from the
reproductive process per 100,000 live births
late maternal death - Answer The death of a woman from direct or indirect obstetric
causes, more than 42 days but less than one year after pregnancy/birth/termination of
pregnancy.
direct obstetric death - Answer Resulting from obstetric complications in pregnancy
and labor due to incorrect treatment, omissions, or medical interventions. Death
directly from pregnancy i.e. pre-eclampsia, HELLP
indirect obstetric death - Answer Maternal death resulting from pre-existing disease, or
a disease that presents in pregnancy that is not obstetric related. Coincidental maternal
death. Death that came from a pre-existing condition that worsened during pregnancy
i.e. suicide
pregnancy associated death - Answer The death of a woman while pregnant or within
one year of the termination of pregnancy, regardless of the cause.
pregnancy related death - Answer one that occurs during pregnancy or within 12
months of the end of a pregnancy that is causally related to the pregnancy. This
causality refers to deaths related to a pregnancy complication, a chain of events
initiated by pregnancy, or the aggravation of an unrelated condition by the physiologic
effects of pregnancy
stillbirth - Answer fetal death > or = 20 wks gestation
neonatal mortality rate - Answer The number of deaths of newborns in the first 28 days
of life per 1000 live births
early neonatal mortality rate - Answer The early neonatal period includes up to the 7th
day of life per 1000 live births
infant mortality rate - Answer Infant mortality is the death of an infant before his or her
first birthday.
perinatal mortality rate - Answer The number of infant deaths under age 7 days and fetal
deaths at 28 weeks gestation or more per 1000 live births and fetal deaths at 28 weeks
,gestation or more in a specified age group of women
low birth weight - Answer Weight of less than 2500g or 5lbs 8oz
very low birth weight - Answer Weight of less than 1500g or 3lbs4oz
preterm - Answer baby is born before 37 weeks of pregnancy have been completed
late preterm - Answer baby is born at a gestational age between 34 weeks 0 days and 36
weeks 6 days
fetal movement counting - Answer goal: count 10 movements in 2 hours
increased by maternal hypoglycemia
decreased by low o2 intake, meds, poly/oligohydramnios, smoking, substance abuse,
fetal sleep cycle
timing: 28 wks
auscultated acceleration test - Answer auscultating FHR to predict fetal well-being,
accelerations of 15 bpm+ lasting 15+ seconds from onset to baseline is reliable measure
of fetal oxygenation
semi-recumbent position, auscultate max 6 min
reactive - accelerations present
unsatisfactory - no accelerations and no fetal movement after stimulation
nonreactive - no acceleration
timing: 28-43 wks
non-stress test - Answer timing: 32+ wks
indicates fetal o2 status before labor onset. need 2 FHR accels in 20 minute window,
mod variability, no decels, normal baseline
indication: decreased FHR/movement, postdate, trauma, bleeding
position: side lying semi recumbent, if nonreactive perform vibroacoustic stimulation
reactive: 2 accel in 20 min, 15beats above baseline > 15 seconds
non-reactive: <2 accel in 20 min
from 28-32 wks 15% not reactive
nonreactive: IUGR, oligohydramnios, fetal acidosis, placental infarction
contraction stress test - Answer timing: 34+ wks
, indication: contractions transiently restrict blood flow to intervillous space and lower o2
availability to the fetus causing a late decel
done with oxytocin or nipple stimulation, assess FHR in response to uterine contractions
negative: normal FHR no late decel
equivocal sus - intermittent late/variable decel
equivocal hyperstim - decel that occur in present of tachysystole
pos: recurrent late decel >50% of contractions
positive: fetal distress, IUGR, low apgar, consider c-section
biophysical profile - Answer NST, fetal breathing (1+ episode of rhythmic movements in
30 min), fetal movements (3 in 30 min), fetal tone (extension and flexion like opening an
closing hand), and AFI (single deepest pocket > 2 cm), sensitive to fetal hypoxia
perform: u/s and NST
high score = good, out f 10
modified biophysical profile - Answer NST & ultrasound AFI
timing: bi weekly
perform contraction stress test or full BPP to confirm results
doppler velocimetry - Answer analyze passage of blood through vessel, done in
umbilical arteries, fetal aorta, and cerebral artery to assess placental function for IUGR
and anemia
anatomy scan - Answer performed 18-22 wks, detects malformations
level 2 anatomy scan - Answer fetal anatomical survey, recommended for almost all
pregnant women
more detailed than standard ultrasound
+ or - 5-7 days - Answer 1st tri ultrasound between 6 & 13 6/7 wks gestation measures
the CRL and has an accuracy of
discriminatory zone - Answer bhcg between 1000-2000, threshold above which a
pregnancy should be visualized by transvaginal ultrasound
gestational sac - Answer 5 wks,
Located in the endometrium, smooth, round, regular appearance; Demonstrates a
hyperechoic ring; Sac growth >0.6 mm/day. If ≥20 mm, yolk sac should be seen. If ≥25
mm, embryo should be seen.
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