Exam (elaborations)

BIO 251 Quiz 6 Simplified Questions with Answers 100% Correct

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Course
Biology

Institution
Biology

3' - CORRECT ANSWER -DNA polymerases can add new nucleotides to the _____ end only 5' and 3' - CORRECT ANSWER -ends of RNA and DNA. 5' carbon bonds to its own phosphate and 3' carbon bonds to oxygen in another nucleotide 5', 3' - CORRECT ANSWER -RNA is synthesized in the _____ to _____ dir...

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bio 251

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Course Biology

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BIO 251 Quiz 6 Simplified Questions with Answers
100% Correct
3' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -DNA polymerases can add new nucleotides to the _____ end

only

5' and 3' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -ends of RNA and DNA. 5' carbon bonds to its own

phosphate and 3' carbon bonds to oxygen in another nucleotide

5', 3' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -RNA is synthesized in the _____ to _____ direction

64, 20 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -there are _____ possible codons but only _____ amino

acids

acid vs base - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -<7 and increases H+ concentration

>7 and lowers H+ concentration with hydroxide ions

actin filaments - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -structure: actin monomers

function: responsible for cell movement and transportation of organelles

adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -a trait that increases fitness in a particular environment

adhesion - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -h2o sticks to another surface (ex. meniscus)

Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Definition: Oxygen-requiring pathway of

ATP formation by splitting glucose or another organic compound

After Glycosis, If oxygen present... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Two molecules of pyruvic acid

enter the citric acid cycle: Matrix reactions

,Takes place in mitochondria

Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain

Produce a lot of ATP

allosteric regulation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -molecule binds at different location on

enzyme and changes its shape

alpha and beta glucose - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ --OH lower in alpha and OH higher in beta

in ring structure

Ames test - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -the test that uses bacteria as carcinogen indicators

amino acid structure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -amino group, hydrogen, carboxylic acid

group, variable group

amino acids (monomers)

chain (polymer) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -primary structure, 20 different ones

amino + carboxyl+ hydroxyl+ R group hydroxyl= ionized no H is ionized

amino group - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -NH2 (amine)

Anaerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -After Glyosis, if no Oxygen Present,

NADH+H+ used to convert each pyruvic acid to lactic acid

Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the

nuclear spindle, Chromatids Separate.

,Anaphase - Promoting Complex ( Cyclosome)(APC/C) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Triggers

anaphase

-Doesnt directly act on cohesin, but rather acts by marking a protein called securin for

destruction. The securin protein acts as an inhibitor of another protease called separase that

appears to be specific for the cohesin complex. Once inhibition has been lifted, separase destroys

cohesin.

-The APC/C has a number of roles in mitosis:

1.) It activates the protease that removes the cohesins holding sister chromatids together

2.) It is necessary for the destruction of mitotic cyclins to drive the cell out of mitosis

3.) It marks proteins for destruction by the proteosome, the organelle responsible for the

controlled degradation of proteins.

4.)The signal to degrade a protein is the addition of a molecule called ubiquitin, and the APC/C

acts as an ubuquitin ligase.

anticodon - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -each tRNA molecule has an _____, a sequence of three

bases that is complementary to a codon

artificial selection - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -humans use _____ _____ to select desirable

breeds of animals or strains of plants to cultivate

atomic number - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -# of protons

AUG - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -what is the codon that initiates synthesis of the protein

molecule?

, Basal body - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -structure that anchors the flagellum

base pairing - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -held together by H bonds

base subsitution - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -a mutation in which a single base at one point in

the DNA sequence is replaced with a different base

base substitution - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -when new DNA is being made and the wrong

base is used. Missence if an amino acid is produced but it is the wrong amino acid. If it occurs in

the Intron then it doesnt matter

Before Citric Acid Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Before the carbon chains can enter citric

acid cycle

Converted to acetyl-CoA

For each pyruvic acid: one C lost as CO2, one NADH+H+ produced

Total of: two CO2, and two NADH+H+

from this reaction

binomial nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -genus (capitalized), species (lower case)

buffer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -protects again pH changes (homeostasis)

Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Unrestrained, Uncontrolled growth of cells in humans

leads to, Disease of cell division (failure of cell division control)

carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -carbonyl (C=O), hydroxyl, carbon hydro bonds

carbonyl group - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -COOH (aldehyde)

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