AICE Marine Test - Topic 2 Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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Course
Marine Science
Institution
Marine Science
Crust - Answer-Earth's outermost layer
Contains: older thicker continental crust, newer denser oceanic crust
Mantle - Answer-The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core(magma and minerals)
Core - Answer-the center of the earth and is made up of iron and nickel
Continen...
Mantle - Answer-The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core(magma
and minerals)
Core - Answer-the center of the earth and is made up of iron and nickel
Continental crust - Answer-relatively thick part of the earth's crust that forms the large
landmasses
Oceanic crust - Answer-relatively thin part of the earth's crust which underlies the ocean
basins
Theory of Plate Tectonics - Answer-Harry Hess
- used sonar to scan the bottom of the ocean while stationed on a submarine
-identifies the presence of mid-ocean ridges
-not accepted until confirmed by magnetic striping
- explains major landforms are created by Earth's subterranean movements
Evidence for the theory of plate tectonics - Answer-fossil distribution, rock formation,
puzzle fit of continents, seafloor spreading, paleomagnetic stripes
Divergent boundary - Answer-plates separate(move opposite directions) due to
convection currents in the mantle
CREATES: mid-ocean ridges, hydrothermal vents, earthquakes
Convergent boundary - Answer-plates move towards each other (one moves
underneath)
CREATES: trenches, turbidity, tsunamis
Transform boundary - Answer-plates slide past each other
CREATES: earthquakes, fault lines
Hydrothermal vent - Answer-the result of cold seawater flowing into fissures of the
oceanic crust in the vicinity of subduction zones where water is heated up by magma at
extreme temps.
Hydrothermal vent plume - Answer-water that is under pressure coming from
hydrothermal vents, w hot and rich dissolved nutrients begin to arise from the vents and
forms this structure
, In a hydrothermal vent, as distance increases.... - Answer-temperature decreases since
there is no light and the waters are freezing
Weathering - Answer-break down of rocks/sediment
produces small fragments
Erosion - Answer-carried away/ removal of sediment
Chemical weathering - Answer-more acidic water will break down rocks, shells, and
exoskeletons
EX: rust
Physical weathering - Answer-the movement of water (waves & currents) and
sediment /sand (is abrasive) will break down rock & coral's skeleton
EX: swiftly moving water
Ice erosion - Answer-glaciers move & weather & create fords
deposit sediment in new locations as the glacier moves
Water erosion - Answer-rivers, waves, currents, tides deposit sediment elsewhere
Wind erosion - Answer-wind will carry and move sediment over great distances
Gravity erosion - Answer-particles are dragged down through the depths due to gravity
EX: the edge of a cliff falling off and sinking to the sea floor
sedimentation - Answer-particles in suspension settle out of the fluid in which they are
entrained
deposition & build-up of sediment
How does the speed of water flow and particle size affect the removal, transport and
deposition of particles? - Answer-larger particles take more energy to move/erode
faster the movement of water, the more energy there is to move the particles/sediment
& therefore the larger the particles it can carry
Littoral zone - Answer-the intertidal region on a shoreline, between the highest and
lowest spring tide marks (highest high tide & lowest low tide mark)
Examples of littoral zones - Answer-1. muddy shores
2. sandy shores
3. rocky shores
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