PCCN Exam Complete Study Guide |
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What hormones are produced in the adrenal cortex?
- Correct Answer - Androgens, cortisol, aldosterone (corticoids)
What is one of the initial treatments for acute diabetes insipidus and why
does that work?
- Correct Answer - Desmopressin. The patient isn't producing antidiuretic
hormone and this medication stimulates increased fluid retention.
What action potential "phase" # is the depolarization of the cardiac muscle
cell? - Correct Answer - Phase 0
What is dolls eyes?
- Correct Answer - When the eyes go the opposite direction of head
movement
What is the first line treatment for a thyroid storm?
- Correct Answer - Propranolol
What is a Coombs test? An Indirect Coombs test?
- Correct Answer - Coombs-detects for hemolysis
,Indirect-detecting for antibody-antigen presence (at low levels) in a patent's
serum prior to a blood transfusion---also known as "cross matching"
What diagnosis usually results from kidney injury as a result of direct
trauma to the organs?
- Correct Answer - Acute tubular necrosis
How is Prinzmetals angina different from other types of angina?
- Correct Answer - Its presence at rest, vs. exercise is the distinguishing
characteristic.
What is the term for "normal" bowel percussion sounds heard by the nurse
during this assessment?
- Correct Answer - "RESONANT" bowel sounds vs. dull/flat/or tympanic
Immunoglobulins, otherwise known as antibodies, are on what type of
WBC?
- Correct Answer - B-cell lymphocytes
Describe the ROME acronym and how it is used to help with interpretation
of arterial blood gas values?
- Correct Answer - Respiratory= Opposite:
· pH is high, PCO2 is down (Alkalosis).
· pH is low, PCO2 is up (Acidosis).
Metabolic= Equal:
· pH is high, HCO3 is high (Alkalosis).
,· pH is low, HCO3 is low (Acidosis).
Why is desmopressin given for patients who develop diabetes insipidus?
- Correct Answer - Because it decreases urine production and output at
the kidney in the absence of natural vasopressin
What is the biggest danger for patients with DI?
- Correct Answer - Hypernatremia and seizure
If a patient has a PaO2 level of 60 on a simple mask or nasal cannula,
should you institute PEEP or CPAP?
- Correct Answer - As long as O2 therapy generates an arterial oxygen
pressure (PaO2) level > 60 mmHg or an arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) level
> .90, no further increases in oxygen therapy should be instituted.
How do you calculate an anion gap from a BMP?
- Correct Answer - [Na+] − ([Cl-] + [HCO3−]) = anion gap
What is meant by "intrapulmonary shunt"
- Correct Answer - when the alveoli of the lungs are perfused with blood
as normal, but ventilation (the supply of air) fails to supply the perfused
region. In other words, the ventilation/perfusion ratio (the ratio of air
reaching the alveoli to blood perfusing them) is zero.[1] A pulmonary shunt
often occurs when the alveoli fill with fluid, causing parts of the lung to be
unventilated although they are still perfused. This is the main cause of
hypoxemia.
, What is meant by the Qs/Q?
- Correct Answer - The pulmonary "Shunt equation" gives you this ratio, it
quantifies the extent that venous blood bypasses oxygenation in the
capillaries of the lung.
Define SvO2 - Correct Answer - Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2)
is the percentage of oxygen bound to hemoglobin in blood returning to the
right side of the heart. This demonstrates what the tissues have "left over"
after they have taken the amount of oxygen they need
Why might you want to know the SVO2 in critical care?
- Correct Answer - To decide if the body is using more O2 than normal.
An increase in O2 extraction is the bodies way to meet tissue oxygen
needs when the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues is less than
needed.
* help to determine whether the cardiac output and oxygen delivery is high
enough to meet a patient's needs. It can be very useful if measured before
and after changes are made to cardiac medications or mechanical
ventilation, particularly in unstable patients.
Where would a true "mixed svo2" be drawn from?
- Correct Answer - The tip of a pulmonary artery catheter represents all
the deoxygenated blood from the body. Of course these can be drawn from
the internal jugular or subclavian veins also.
What type of immune cell stimulates antibody production?
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