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MICR 270 Actual Exam Study Questions 100% Solved with Verified Answers
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MICR 270 Actual Exam StudyQuestions 100% Solved with Verified
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What are cellular barriers of the innate immune system? - Answer Cells related to
inflammatory response
Includes: neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells
What are soluble barriers of the innate immune system? And what are its two major
categories? - Answer Macromolecules that contribute to mediation of innate
immune response
Complement system: 30+ soluble proteins that circulate, are directed to
pathogens causing reactions and membrane attack complex (MAC) that increases
efficiency of other immune responses
Cytokines: Small proteins secreted by different stimuli. Chemical mediators for Cell-
cell communication
What is the inflammatory response? What are the symptoms associated with
inflammation and why are they helpful? - Answer Localized reactions in response
to invasion of harmful infectious agents in the body to prevent spread.
Redness, heat, pain, swelling, loss of function
- Heat → increases metabolic rate of cells
,- Leaks proteins that clot and form scabs
- Swelling recruits phagocytes and leukocytes
Redirection of blood flow to infected area (more immune cells)
What are the steps of the inflammatory response? - Answer 1) Breach
2) Vasodilation
3) Permeabilization
4) Extravasation
5) Phagocytosis
What is the breach step of the inflammatory response - Answer Pathogens enter the
body via a wound
What is the vasodilation step of the inflammatory response - Answer The diameter
and blood vessels and permeabilization of the capillaries increase → induced by
vasoactive and chemotactic factors (e.g damaged tissues and immune cells)
Causes redness and heat
What is the permeabilization step of the inflammatory response - Answer Allows
entrance of fluids into tissues, moves blood away from the area and allows for the
accumulation of excess fluid (exudate) with proteins for mediation of the response
, - In particular cytokines
- Encourages swelling
What is the extravasation step of the inflammatory response, what is the margination
step? - Answer Chemotactic factors released → recruits other immune cells
- Neutrophils → adheres to endothelial cell walls (MARGINATION) → migrate to capillary
endothelial cells to infected tissue (EXTRAVASATION)
What is the phagocytosis step of the inflammatory response - Answer Neutrophils,
macrophages, and dendritic cells engulf pathogens
What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)/TLRs - Answer They recognize
repeated molecular patterns
Depending on the recognized PAMP/DAMP, location of TLR changes
Initiates transcription of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and costimulatory
molecules
Are part of both innate and adaptive immune system, and are responsible for self vs
nonself distinction
What are the steps of PRR - Answer 1) TLRs sense PAMPs/DAMPs, bacterium is
engulfed by phagocytic cell
2) Immune cell presents antigens
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