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EXSC HBIO 205 Final |Questions with Complete Solutions
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EXSC HBIO 205 Final |Questions withComplete Solutions
The fick equation measures cardiac output. Q = VO2/ a-v O2 difference. This equation can
also be used to measure VO2: Vo2 = Q x a-v O2 difference. (a-v = difference in oxygen %
between arterial and venous blood) - ✔What is the Fick Equation? What does it measure?
What else can it be used to measure?
A high a-v O2 difference means the lungs are bringing in air and are able to extract oxygen
and saturate blood. - ✔What does a high a-v O2 difference mean?
If VO2 is high, it means that Q or a-v O2 difference must be high. - ✔If VO2 is high, what does
that mean for Q and/or a-v O2 difference?
Mixed venous blood. - ✔With the Fick Equation, what would be the hardest element
to measure?
Largest: L/min Males 3.5 Females 2.8
Middle: ml/kg/min Males 45 Females 38
Smallest: ml/kg FFM/min Males 55 Females 50 - ✔When expressing VO2 max, which unit
has the largest difference between men and women? Which unit has the smallest difference
between men and women?
When the subject has to carry their own bodyweight. - ✔When is expressing VO2 with
L/min not appropriate?
,This unit implies that the subject can eliminate his or her fat mass before performance. -
✔What is the issue with expressing VO2 with ml/kg FFM/min?
ml/kg/min. - ✔What is the most common expression of VO2?
avg: 40-50
good: 55-65
national: 65-75
international: 75-90+ - ✔For males: what are average, good, national level, and
international level VO2 ml/kg values?
avg: 31-41
good: 46-56
national: 56-66
international: 66-81 - ✔For women: what are average, good, national level, and
international level VO2 ml/kg values?
The higher the VO2 max of a subject, the less intense the exercise will seem! It is critical to
have a high VO2 max if you need to go far and keep up at a high intensity. - ✔What is the
relationship between VO2 and relative intensity level? What is the importance of having a high
VO2 max?
Exercise Intensity (Steady State/VO2 Max) - ✔Why is Vo2 Max Important
1. point where lactate production exceeds removal in blood
2. point at which blood and muscle lactate concentrations increase abruptly
3. The maximal intensity at which steady state exercise can be maintained
, 4. proposed at the best/most consistent predictor of performance in endurance events
- ✔Lactate Threshold
60-75% - ✔When does the average person reach their LT?
LT! LT trumps VO2 max. - ✔Which is more important, VO2 max or LT?
oxygen 21%
Nitrogen 78%
Argon 0.9% - ✔Composition of Atmosphere
Air is colder, less dense, drier, Cleaner, Great ultra violet rays getting through - easier to
sunburn - ✔Physical changes that one might expect if one is going up to higher
altitude
Symptoms can occur at a low altitude of 5000 ft.
Hypobaric environment - ✔Mountain Sickness
At altitude, there is a lower oxygen % which creates a hypoxic situation that decreases
arterial oxygen saturation. Hypoxia then causes hyperventilation which causes a leftward
HBO2 curve shift. The kidneys compensate by secreting alkaline buffers which cause an
increase in urine volume. - ✔Why does mountain sickness occur?
Air is less dense, objects move more easily. Lower air resistance, lower effect of gravity. -
✔Performance at altitude
Detrimentally affected because of Lower Partial Pressure of Oxygen, Lower oxygen molecules,
lower arterial oxygen saturation. - ✔Aerobic Performance at altitude
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