Exam (elaborations)
GMS 6440 Final Exam with Questions solved 100%
- Course
- Institution
GMS 6440 Final Exam with Questions solved 100%
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
GMS 6440 Final Exam withQuestions solved 100%
How many lobes to the right and left lungs have? - ✔✔Right has 3 and the left has 2
We cannot hold a breath for long. Why? - ✔✔- brain controls respirations
- CO2 & diaphragm levels take over & override voluntary breathing & involuntary breathing takes over
Renal and Urinary System - ✔✔Organs: kidney, ureter, bladder
Function:
- excrete waste from blood
- control water balance by regulating volume of urine production
- stores urine until voluntary elimination
- regulate blood [ion] and pH
How much liquid do we filter a day and how much urine is usually produced? - ✔✔We filter 170
L/day while only producing 1.5 L of urine.
What is the functional unit of the kidney? - ✔✔nephron
,Filtered wastes from the glomerulus will move in the following order: - ✔✔Bowman's
capsule-proximal tubule- loop of Henle-distal tubule-collecting duct.
What hormone does the kidney produce? - ✔✔erythroprotein -- required for RBC production
when patient has kidney failure, they cannot produce this hormone
Endocrine System - ✔✔Organs: pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands,
gonads, endocrine tissues in other organ systems
Function:
- direct long-term changes in systems
- adjust metabolic activity & energy
- controls many structural & fx changes during development
Major hormones and their functions - ✔✔GH: pituitary. stimulates growth.
TH: thyroid. maintains metabolism, regulates BP, development
Cortisol: adrenal gland. Stress resistance and fat mobilization
Insulin: pancreas. Lowers blood sugar
Gastrin: stomach. Production of HCl
Erythropoietin: kidney. RBC production
Leptin: adipose. suppresses appetite.
Nervous System - ✔✔Organs: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves
Function:
- provide and interpret sensory info (input)
- coordinate or moderates activities of other systems systems
(integrate) -directs immediate responses to stimuli (response)
, Neurotransmitters produced by body & travel down axon & released @ axon terminal. NT stored in
synaptic vesicles & directed to post synaptic neuron to synaptic cleft. - ✔✔
Myelin sheath insulates action potential. Action potential propagates faster by skipping myelinated
axon, and jumping from nodes of Ranvier to another node. - ✔✔
Female Reproductive System - ✔✔Organs: ovaries, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
Function:
- produce female sex cells (oocytes) & hormones
- support embryo
- provide milk
Menstrual cycle - ✔✔ovulation occurs around 14 days into cycle when LH surge triggers release of
single mature egg from ovary to go through fallopian tubes to the uterus. If unfertilized, it is
discharged and endometrium is shed (menstruation).
Distribution of Major Electrolytes - ✔✔Na+: 10:1 outside
K+: 25:1 inside
Cl-: 5:1 outside
HCO3-: 2:1 outside
Ca2+: micromolar inside. Thousand-fold greater outside.
Organic anions: 15:1 inside
channels vs transporters - ✔✔channels move water or ions and electrode
transporters are solute carriers or pumps
Permeability for passive diffusion - ✔✔-Ions (K+, Na+, HCO-, Ca2+, Cl-) do not cross the membrane
-hydrophobic molecules (O2, N2, CO2) pass freely
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller KenAli. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
83637 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now