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Galen medsurg exam 2024| Questions with Complete Solutions
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Galen medsurg exam 2024| Questionswith Complete Solutions
Multiple Sclerosis definition and pathophysiology - ANSWER chronic, progressive degenerative
disease, autoimmune and inflammatory. It affects the myelin sheath anywhere along the brain,
optic nerve, and spinal cord (sensory and motor)
MS s/s - ANSWER sensory - tinnitus, blurred visions, diplopia, decreased visual acuity,
partial loss of vision or blind spot, hyperalgesia, vertigo, hearing loss, parasthesia, facial
pain, and decreased temp
motor- motor weakness, fatigue, stiffness of extremities, tremors, nystagmus, dysarthria,
decreased bowel and bladder function, unsteady gait, cognitive impairment
MS - how to recognize clinical manifestations - ANSWER physical exams, neuro exams,
medical/surgical history, MRI, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis
MS what type of disease is it - ANSWER autoimmune, inflammatory disease, and problems with
nerve transmissions
MS treatment - ANSWER plasmapheresis/methotrexate,
NSAIDS/corticosteroids, cholinergic/anticholinergics
MS risk factors - ANSWER infections, stresses (physical injury, emotional stress, pregnancy,
fatigue, living in cold climates), autoimmune disease, unknown, cultural considerations
(between ages 20-40, 2x more common in women, can occur in those under the age of 15
and over the age of 50, more prominent in white populations)
,MS pt teaching - ANSWER decrease stressors when possible. How do you treat
autoimmune diseases - plasmapheresis
MS lab and diagnostics - ANSWER MRI- MS lesions show up as pale areas, indicate where
demyelination has occurs
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis - evaluate for the presence of oligoclonal banding, suggest
inflammation of the CNS
MS medical/surgical management and EBP - ANSWER physical exam, neuro assessment,
medical/surgical history, cognitive impairment assessment, and interdisciplinary care
MS treatment - ANSWER interdisciplinary - referral to community and national organizations
pharmacologic - beta -1a, beta - 1b, Copaxone, rebig, nevantrone, antispasmodics, intravenous
immune globin
MS nursing diagnosis - ANSWER fatigue, disturbed sensory perception, impaired physical
mobility, powerlessness or hopelessness, impaired home maintenance, compromised family
coping
MS pt teaching - ANSWER teach regarding treatments (medications), minimize risk
factors (stress and avoid infections), eye patch, safety precautions, prevent skin
breakdowns, risk factors for future problems (respiratory failure, deteriorate over years)
MS nursing care and EBP - ANSWER medications, physical therapy, occupational therapy,
speech therapy, mental health services
peripheral nerve trauma - ANSWER damage to the peripheral nerves - weakness, paralysis,
burning sensations, pain, skin and nail color changes, edema, impaired mobility,
decreased sensory perception
corticosteroids, analgesics, antibiotics
, peripheral nerve trauma pt teaching - ANSWER follow the therapies prescribed, explain
the application of immobility devices, instruct pt to inspect skin daily, teach about s/s of
complications, have pt demonstrate therapy and immobilization use to ensure pt
understanding of teaching
peripheral nerve trauma nursing diagnosis - ANSWER acute pain, risk for peripheral
neuromuscular dysfunction, risk for ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion
peripheral nerve trauma collaborative problems - ANSWER permanent nerve
damage, compartment syndrome, amputation, and infection
Parkinson's disease definition and pathophysiology - ANSWER progressive and chronic disease.
Its the degradation of dopamine, substantia nigra contains dopaminergic neurons which
contribute to controlled muscle pattern
parkinsons s/s - ANSWER usually asymmetric tremors in upper extremities which spread to
other parts of body, restless during sleep, decreasing sense of smell, classic "cardinal signs",
bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, postural instability
parkinsons s/s continued - ANSWER pin rolling - clenched fist with thumb moving around
reduction in dexterity, masked faces - decreased facial expressions, sleep disturbances,
autonomic dysfunction - constipation, sweating, sexual dysfunction, bradyphrenia - reduction
of cognition (can't think quickly or clearly), dementia - advanced parkinsons, nighttime drooling
parkinsons risk factors - ANSWER modifiable - well water, low estrogen, industrial and
chemical metals, exposure to pesticides and herbicides
non modifiable - familial link, over 40, especially over 60, affects men more than women
parkinsons lab and diagnostics - ANSWER A lumbar puncture to analyze the CSF aids in
determiningdopamine levels. Diagnostic tests such as an MRI, Single-photonemission
computed
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