Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology 5th Edition Test Bank , 300 Q/A 100 % Verified Answers, Already Graded A 2023/2024
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Course
Essential Psychopharmacology 5th Edition
Institution
Essential Psychopharmacology 5th Edition
Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology
5th Edition Test Bank , 300 Q/A 100 %
Verified Answers, Already Graded A
2023/2024
biotransformation - ANS-giving drug a charge which makes it easier
to metabolize
pharmacogenetics - ANS-the study of inherited genetic differences
in drug metabolic ...
Stahl’s Essential Psychopharmacology
5th Edition Test Bank , 300 Q/A 100 %
Verified Answers, Already Graded A
2023/2024
biotransformation - ANS-giving drug a charge which makes it easier
to metabolize
pharmacogenetics - ANS-the study of inherited genetic differences
in drug metabolic pathways which can affect the individual
phase I of biotransformation - ANS-oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction
of parent structure
produces polar metabolite that an be peed out
Phase II of biotransformation - ANS-conjugation with something to
give it a large side group and a charge that cannot cross a memrane
drug half life - ANS-amount of time required for removal of 50% of
drug in blood
first order transformation - ANS-drug clearance rate proceeds
exponentially
there are usually more converting enzymes than drug to transform.
rapid clearance
zero order transformation - ANS-drug clearance rate is fixed
usually drug to transform is greater than the enzymes
individuals have difference enzyme activity
slow clearance
,enzyme induction effect on metabolism - ANS-increase in enzymes
available for biotransformation, increases the rate of BT of all drugs
in system
chronic drug use increases synthesis of BT enzymes
enzyme inhibition effect on metabolism - ANS-some drugs directly
inhibit metabolizing action of enzymes
decreases the BT rate of all drugs in system
decreases the BT rate of other biomolecules
drug competition effect on metabolism - ANS-some drugs share
metabolizing enzymes
decrease the BT rate of both drugs
produce potentially dangerous drug interactions (supra additive
effects)
individual characteristics effect on metabolism - ANS-individual
genetic and or environmetnal differences change the rate of BT in a
system
Pharmacodynamics - ANS-the study of the physiological and
biochemical interaction of drug with a target tissue that is
responsible for the drugs effects
how system responds and its actions
ionotropic interaction - ANS-lock and key model
ligand binds a receptor ion channel combination - change in
conformation of channel - open ion channel - change conductance
of ion - change Vm of cell
, metabotropic interaction - ANS-most receptors have acceptor site
which sets off cascade of tertiary structural changes - proteins have
conformational changes
results in release of secondary messengers which regulate ion
conductance
agonist - ANS-activates a receptor
can be excitatory or inhibitory
antagonist - ANS-blocks receptor
dose response curves - ANS-describe amount of biological or
behavioral effect for a given drug concentration
low dose = few receptors occupied
large dose = more response
always an S curve
ED 50 - ANS-50% effective dose
1/2 maximal effect
TD 50 - ANS-50% Toxic dose
50% of patients experience a toxic effect
margin of safety - ANS-in between ED 50 and TD 50
Therapeutic index - ANS-calculates margin of drug safety
therapeutic range - ANS-gives working range of plasma levels
direct acting agonists - ANS-affinity and efficacy at NT receptor sites
binds to receptors and mimics NT action
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