Pharmacodynamics - answer-The process by which a medication works on the body.
Pharmacokinetics - answer-The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacogenomics - answer-The study of the influence of genetic factors on drug response th...
NURS 617 Exam 1
Pharmacodynamics - answer-The process by which a medication works on the body.
Pharmacokinetics - answer-The process by which drugs are absorbed, distributed within the
body, metabolized, and excreted.
Pharmacogenomics - answer-The study of the influence of genetic factors on drug response that
result in the absence, overabundance, or insufficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes
Medication side effect - answer-a nearly unavoidable secondary effect of a drug produced at
therapeutic doses which is generally predictable and with an intensity that is dose-dependent
Adverse Effect - answer-A drug-induced, secondary effect of a drug that produces a change in a
patients condition that is noxious, harmful or unpleasant, which requires treatment or reduction
or discontinuation of the drug and which usually occurs at therapeutic doses.
Type A adverse drug reactions - answer-exaggerated, but otherwise expected pharmacological
effect of a drug -> predictable and dose dependent -> ex. toxicity of overdose, side effects,
secondary effects, drug interactions
Type B adverse drug reactions - answer-idiosyncratic effects (not expected) -> dose independent
and unpredictable -> intolerance, hypersensitivity, pseudo allergic, idiosyncratic
Drug tolerance - answer-the tendency for larger doses of a drug to be required over time to
achieve the same effect
Physical drug dependence - answer-condition where a person's body becomes unable to function
normally without a particular drug
Psychological dependence - answer-a condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed
in order to feel good or to function normally
Allergic reaction - answer-An immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual
sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event.
Idiosyncratic or paradoxical reaction - answer-When a drug may cause a totally unexpected and
often opposite effect in a few patients
Carcinogenic reaction - answer-medications and environmental chemicals that are thought to
cause cancer
Teratogenic reaction - answer-Refers to the drug induced damage that develops in the fetus
, Beneficial potentiative drug-drug interaction - answer-Aspirin and Codeine are both analgesic
drugs and when administered concurrently the combo provides better pain relief than either one
alone. What type of drug interaction is this?
Beneficial Potentiative Drug-Drug Interaction - answer-Use of Beta Blockers and Diuretics
together for hypertension will provide better control blood pressure. What type of drug
interaction is this?
Harmful potentiative Drug-Drug interaction - answer-Use of diazepam together with Morphine
will have additive CNS depression and could lead to respiratory distress. What type of drug
interaction is this?
Harmful potentiative Drug-Drug interaction - answer-Concurrent use of aspirin with Coumadin
will significantly increase each others inhibitory effects on blood coagulation, resulting in an
increase risk for bleeding. What type of drug interaction is this?
Beneficial inhibitory drug interaction - answer-Use of Naloxone after an overdose of Meperidine
is an example of what type of drug interaction?
Beneficial inhibitory drug interaction - answer-Giving Protamine when there is excessive
bleeding from overdose of Heparin is an example of what type of drug interaction?
Harmful inhibitory drug interaction - answer-Giving Naloxone to a patient who is physically
dependent to Morphine will reverse Morphines effects provoking an acute withdrawal
syndrome. What type of drug interaction is this?
Harmful inhibitory drug interaction - answer-Administering loperamide and Milk of Magnesia
together will cancel each others actions producing no benefit for the patient either way. What
type of drug interaction is this?
Harmful inhibitory drug interaction - answer-Injecting NPH insulin into a bottle of regular
insulin causing a precipitate and inactivation of the regular insulin is an example of what type of
drug interaction?
Pharmacokinetic Drug interctions - answer-type of drug-drug interaction that occurs when the
pharmacokinetics of one drug alter the clinical effects of another drug by altering its
pharmacokinetics
Thiazide Diuretics - answer-act in the distal tubule to block the reabsorption of the filtered load
of NaCl from the nephron back to the blood. They have a natriuretic effect and promote renal
excretion of sodium and water. The amount of water in the blood is then decreased which
decreases stroke volume and cardiac output therefore decreasing blood pressure.
Thiazide diuretics - answer-Very effective in AA and salt sensitive types of hypertension
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