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MLT ASCP BOC QuizletNEWEST EXAM VERSION QUESTIONS WITH GOLDEN TIPS SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
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MLT ASCP BOC QuizletNEWEST EXAM VERSION QUESTIONS WITH GOLDEN TIPS SOLUTIONS 100% CORRECT
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MLT ASCP BOC QuizletNEWESTEXAM VERSION QUESTIONS WITH
GOLDEN TIPS SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT
What are the 4 Acute Febrile Transfusion Reactions?
Acute Hemolytic
Febrile Non-Hemolytic
Bacterial Contamination
TRALI (Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury)
What is an Acute Hemolytic Transfusion reaction?
A reaction caused by type incompatible blood products primarily. This leads to the
destruction of the donor blood cells by the body and is extremely dangerous to the
patient leading to shock or death.
Brainpower
What type of precursor chains are found on red blood cells?
Type 2 precursor chains
What % of individuals display their blood type in their secretions? What gene causes
this?
78% of individuals will have the Se (FUT) gene and display their blood type in
secretions.
A patient with a genotype of Hh, AO, and Sese will display what in their secretions?
H substance and A antigens
A patient with a genotype HH, AA, and sese will display what in their secretions?
Nothing, they will not secrete their blood type
A patient with a genotype of hh, BB, and SeSe will display what in their secretions?
What is this condition?
They will display B antigens with no H substance.
This is known as a Parabompay patient
What is a Type 1 Typing Discrepancy? What can cause these?
Weak or Missing Antibodies
Caused by old age
Immunocompromised patients
What is a Type 2 Typing Discrepancy? What can cause these?
,Weak or Missing Antigens
A rare reaction caused by Leukemias or other cell affecting conditions.
What is a Type 3 Typing Discrepancy? What causes these?
Unexpected reaction in the back type due to plasma protein abnormalities.
Seen in Multiple Myeloma patients.
What is a Type 4 Typing Discrepancy? What causes these?
Misc reactions
Such as Acquired B
What is Blood Group Specific Substance? What type of patient produces this? What
can it cause?
BGSS is a substance produced by patients who have cancer. This can neutralize anti-
sera causing a group 2 typing discrepancyRead More
What is Febrile Non-Hemolytic transfusion reaction?
A common transfusion reaction thought to be caused by HLA antibodies. All other
febrile possibilities must be ruled out to rule in Febrile Non Hemolytic TR.
What is Bacterial Contamination transfusion reaction?
A blood product which is contaminated by bacteria is transfused to the patient. This can
lead to fever, vomiting, and in extreme cases DIC.
What is Transfusion Related Acute Lung Injury?
A rare acute febrile reaction associated with deposit of WBCs and anti-WBC antibodies
in the lung tissue. It can only be assumed after TACO, Sepsis, Heart Failure, and
Anaphylactic reactions have been ruled out.
What are the 2 Delayed Febrile transfusion reactions?
Delayed Hemolytic
TA-GVHD (Transfusion Associated Graft versus Host Disease)
What is a Delayed Hemolytic transfusion reaction?
A febrile reaction which occurs following transfusion of seemingly compatible units to a
patient. In the following days titers of antibodies can rise (Most often Kidd antibodies)
leading to delayed hemolysis.
What is TA-GVGD?
Transfusion associated graft versus host disease is a condition which is acquired when
a patient receives blood with a similar WBC marker to their own body. This allows the
WBCs transfused to be ignored by the hosts immune system. These WBCs recognize
the body as foreign however and begin to attack it.
We give out irradiated products to prevent this. Particularly in directed donations from a
family member.
What are the 2 Acute Non-Febrile transfusion reactions?
Allergic/Anaphylactic TR
TACO (Transfusion associated circulatory overload)
What is an Allergic transfusion reaction?
A mild reaction which presents without fever however the patient may experience
wheezing, chest tightness, and hives.
Future transfusions are likely to be pre-medicated with anti-histamines.
,What is an Anaphylactic transfusion reaction?
A severe and life threatening reaction which presents without fever. The patient may
experience wheezing, nausea, chest pain, and shock.
Future reactions will be given with washed products to remove IgA antibodies, these IgA
antibodies are often the cause of Anaphylactic reactions.
What is Transfusion Associated Circulatory Overload?
TACO is an acute non-febrile transfusion reaction which is associated with transfusing a
blood product too fast. This can lead to hypertension, coughing, chest pain, or in
extreme cases congestive heart failure.
What is the only Delayed Non-Febrile transfusion reaction?
PTP (Post Transfusion Purpura)
What is Post Transfusion Purpura?
A delayed non febrile reaction associated with anti-platelet antibodies which have
formed in patient plasma. This can cause bleeding and bruising for 5-10 days following
transfusion.
What are the 4 basic components of a unit of whole blood?
Packed RBCs
Plasma
Platelets
Cryoprecipitate
How are PRBCs stored?
1-6 Celsius for up to 42 days depending on the additive used.
What is the normal volume of PRBCs?
250-300 mL per unit
What are the Anticoagulants used for blood products? What do they make the shelf life?
CPD- 21 Days
ACD-A 21 Days
CPDA-1 35 Days
What are the Additives used for blood products? What do they make the shelf life?
AS-1 (Adsol)
AS-3 (Nutricel)
AS-5 (Optisol)
All additives extend shelf life to 42 days
What blood product additive is used for neonatal transfusion? why?
AS-3 Nutricel
It is the only additive that does not contain mannitol which would harm the newborn.
How is Plasma stored? What are its 2 most common forms?
Plasma is stored at -18C for up to a year, and is thawed when needed.
FFP- Fresh Frozen Plasma is separated & frozen within 8 hours of collection. This
contains the most factors.
, e variable blood
What Synovial fluid characteristics can indicates Arthritis?
Decreased viscosity
What does it mean when a patient has Uric Acid crystals in their Joints?
The patient has gout
How do we test for Uric Acid Crystals in the joints?
By using polarized light
Uric Acid Crystals will show negative birefringence
What can appear as Uric Acid crystals in synovial fluid? How do we determine they are
not?
Calcium Pyrophosphate crystals
They show positive birefringence under polarized light unlike uric acid crystals.
What is Semen?
A mixture of sperm and prostatic fluid which provides motility and nutrients to sperm.
What is the normal pH and viscosity of Semen?
7.2-8.0 pH
Viscosity not stringy after liquefaction
What % of sperm are motile?
>50-60%
Why do we perform Sperm morphology testing?
To examine for the presence of their head and tail in their normal form. 200 sperm are
evaluated.
What is a post-vasectomy analysis?
A test performed 3 months after a vasectomy. It examines for the presence or absence
of sperm in 20 fields. If any are present the patient must return in a month to be re-
tested.
What is the order of Metric conversion?
Giga x 3
Mega x 3
Kilo
Hecto
Deca
Base Unit
Deci
Centi
Milli
Micro x 3
Nano x 3
Pico x 3
Femto x 3
Why do we collect amniotic fluid?
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