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BIO 326 Exam 2 Practice Exam.
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Exam 2 Practice Exam- BIO 326What are the 3 components of a mimicry system? Describe the fundamental difference between
Batesian mimicry and Mullerian mimicry. - ANS The 3 components of the mimicry system are the
model (the often toxic original insect), the mimic (which copies the model), and the observer (which
is the selective agent for the mimic).
Batesian mimicry is where a toxic model has an edible mimic which copies it, while Mullerian
mimicry is a whole suite of models and mimics that can share toxicity and coloration.
Identify 3 different types of herbivory in insects. Briefly describe each and give an example of an
insect order that engages in each type of herbivory. - ANS Leaf chewing, which is where the insect
chews on the leaves. An insect order that does this is adult Coleoptera.
Mining and boring, mining is where the insect feeds just below the plant epidermis in leaves and
boring is feeding on the living or dead woody parts. Insect order that do this are larval Coleoptera
and Lepidoptera respectively.
Plant sucking, which is removing the nutrients by sucking on the plant. This is mainly done by
Hemiptera.
What is the difference between eusociality and presociality? What are the 4 criteria that define
eusociality in insects? - ANS Eusociality is where insects cooperate in reproduction and are
characterized by a reproduction division of effort. The 4 criteria are:
1. Share a common nest site
2. Cooperate in tending young
3. Division of labor with a caste system
4. Overlap of generations
Presociality meets some, but not all of these criteria, unlike eusociality which meets all of them.
What are the fundamental differences between vibrational sound reception and tympanal sound
reception in insects? - ANS Vibrational sound reception can detect substrates other than air (water)
or across substrate boundaries, while tympanal sound reception is the distant reception of sound
traveling via airwaves using the tympanum.
The radiation of the angiosperms is thought to be closely associated with the radiation of
holometabolous insect pollinators. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of pollination by
insects, as opposed to a different vector, from the perspective of the plant?
A. The directed mobility of pollen (i.e., more likely for pollen to reach another plant than via other
vectors of pollen dispersal, such as wind)
, B. It is useful to the plants for pollinators to arrive on a regular, predictable schedule from year to
year
C. No outcrossing occurs, improving the fitness of plant populations
D. All the above are advantages of pollination by insects for plants - ANS C. No outcrossing occurs,
improving the fitness of plant populations
Which of the following is true of the relationship between ground-dwelling insects and fungi?
A. Fungi can be beneficial to ground-dwelling insects, providing a source of nutritious food compared
to decaying plant and animal material underground
B. Fungi are the single greatest threat to ground-dwelling insects in the form of pathogens against
which insects have few reliable defenses
C. Both A and B are true
D. Neither A nor B is true - ANS A. Fungi can be beneficial to ground-dwelling insects, providing a
source of nutritious food compared to decaying plant and animal material underground
Which of the following actions would a honeybee no longer be able to perform effectively if the
protocerebrum area of the brain were surgically modified or removed?
A. Sense chemicals in the environment using olfactory receptors in the antennae
B. Communicate with conspecifics through the waggle dance
C. Produce hormones that regulate molting and ecdysis
D. Recognize sugars versus toxins using gustatory receptors in the mouthparts - ANS B. Communicate
with conspecifics through the waggle dance
In haplodiploid organisms, including all social Hymenoptera, which of the following pairs of relatives
shares the largest proportion of genes?
A. A male and his sisters
B. A female and her sisters
C. A female and her daughters
D. A male and his brothers - ANS B. A female and her sisters
A damaged pine tree produces a repellent chemical odor. In which of the following scenarios does
the chemical odor act as a kairomone?
A. The odor attracts a specialist insect herbivore that has become attuned to the odor
B. The odor attracts parasitoids of those same insect herbivores
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