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WX301 With 100% COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
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JACKLINEWX301 With 100% COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
Terms in this set (78)
• Atmosphere is too complex and changing constantly
Explain why the true state of the atmosphere can
• We cannot make up observations at all altitudes, places, most accurate, etc
never be known exactly and can only be
• Our technology cannot keep up and continuously report everything that goes on
approximated by assimilating all available data
• D, all of the above
Explain the fundamental difference between • Deterministic: start with an initial state and generate a single forecast, high resolution
ensemble forecast models and deterministic • Ensemble: utilize multiple forecasts for the same period of time, faster but not as good of a
forecast models forecast, forecasting the uncertainty of the forecast
• Given a map, on map, know:
3. Determine the analysis time, valid time, forecast • time when you started collecting data (analysis time)
length given numerical model output. • ___ for Month, Day, Zulu (valid time, convert to local by subtracting 5 hours)
• How many hours between valid and analysis time (forecast length)
Identify the favored regions around a low • Snow and freezing precipitation located to the northwest of the low, can have it north of warm
pressure system the formation of snow and other front
types of frozen precipitation
WX301
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, • Depends on thickness of the cold layer
• Rain is melted snow crystals
Describe how the temperature must change with
• In snow, crystals remain below freezing all the way to the ground
height to produce rain, snow, sleet, or freezing.
• Freezing rain is rain that falls into shallow layer of cold surface air
• Sleet is rain that falls into deeper layer of cold surface air
• Thickness at which air is cold enough to snow
Define critical thickness • Thickness is proportional to the average temperature of the layer
• Larger thickness = warmer; smaller thickness = colder
Analyze a 1000-500mb thickness chart to • 540dm (decameters, height) is a good dividing line between rain and snow
determine the likelihood of rain versus snow.
(Recall that the 540dam line only identifies where
snow is possible, the lower the thickness values
the greater the likelihood of snow.)
Define what is meant by ground icing "hold-over" • Hold-over time: length of time deicing fluid will prevent ice build-up on an aircraft
times. • Time ranges from 45 minutes for frost to less than a couple minutes for freezing rain
• Basing precipitation intensity on visibility alone does not adequately measure true rate of liquid
Explain why equivalent liquid water precipitation
water equivalent accumulation
rate is important in aviation winter weather
• Accurate, real-time measurements of liquid-equivalent snowfall rates need to be made and
decision-making and how it affects hold-over
reported to pilots and ground operations personnel, not just visibility measurements.
times.
• Accurately predicting deicing hold-over times remains a significant aviation safety factor
Identify the fundamental cause of icing • Liquid water droplets
• Rime: small droplets, freeze rapidly cause trapped air, opaque appearance, forms at temps
Identify the temperatures favorable for rime, clear below -15C
and mixed icing • Clear: larger droplets with little trapped air, forms at 0 to -5 C, equivalent to freezing rain
• Mixed: drop size varies, forms at intermediate temps -5 to -15C
• Stall speed increases
Describe the impacts of icing on aircraft • Fuel rate consumption increases
performance (stall speed, fuel consumption, • Service ceiling decreases
service ceiling, stall angle, etc) • Stall at lower angle of attack than normal
• Friction increases
Describe the effects exposure time on ice buildup. • Longer exposure time = more icing
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