Exam (elaborations)
NUR 3145 exam 1 pharmacology - 95% on exam Questions With Complete
- Course
- NUR 3145
- Institution
- Florida State University
NUR 3145 exam 1 pharmacology - 95% on exam Questions With Complete
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NUR 3145 exam 1 pharmacology - 95% on exam QuestionsWith Complete
!!! dilution and infusion rate for K+ infusion Correct Answers
40 mEq/L or LESS
-rate DOES NOT exceed 10 mEq/h
-NEVER give as an IV push EVER
...if given order for 40 mEq MUST be diluted with at LEAST 1
L of fluid
"renal dosing" Correct Answers a dose reduction may be
necessary if a pt has a renal impairment
1. accelerated renal drug excretion Correct Answers
consequence of drug metabolism
-kidneys cannot excrete highly lipophilic drugs...therefore, they
must undergo metabolic conversions to become more
hydrophilic, which can increase drug excretion
(highly acidic pH can also increase this process)
2. drug inactivation Correct Answers when a drug undergoes
biotransformation by the liver...its fxn becomes altered;
sometimes can become inactivated
3 processes of the kidneys Correct Answers 1. filtration (at
glomerulus)
2. reabsorption (at PCT) - approx 65% of Na and Cl reabsorbed
at PCT
3. active secretion: pumps at PCT promote excretion
,3. increased therapeutic action Correct Answers when a drug
undergoes biotransformation by the liver...its fxn becomes
altered; sometimes this can have the opposite effect of
inactivation and its effects can be enhanced (prodrugs)
4. activation of prodrugs Correct Answers a pharmacology
inactive compound upon administration. that becomes activated
when the liver metabolizes its contents
-needs the body to change it into its active form
-usually more acid stable so it stays inactive in the gut...not
activated until it reaches the liver for metabolism
5 rights of drug administration Correct Answers PMART
right patient
right med (drug)
right amount (dose)
right route
right time
5 therapeutic consequences of drug metabolism Correct
Answers !!! 1. accelerated renal drug excretion
2. drug inactivation
3. increased therapeutic action
4. activation of prodrugs
5. increased/decreased drug toxicity
acidosis symptoms Correct Answers pH < 7.35
lethargy, confusion, CNS depression
ADME: absorption Correct Answers absorption: movement of
drugs from site of administration into the bloodstream
, -factors affecting absorption
SA (GI rugae, sm intestine microvilli...high SA; higher
absorption rate)
more blood flow...higher absorption rate
higher lipid solubility...higher absorption rate
pH partitioning...higher difference in pH gradient, higher chance
of ionization
ADME: distribution Correct Answers distribution: movement
of drugs from bloodstream into IS space of tissues and into cells
-drug distribution determined by 3 factors:
1. BF to tissues (poor perfusion/abscess/cyst...drugs cannot get
where they need to go)
2. exiting the vascular system
3. entering cells
ADME: excretion Correct Answers -some is reabsorbed
-excretion is dependent on urine pH (high ionization...higher
renal drug excretion)
ADME: metabolism Correct Answers metabolism
(biotransformation): alteration of drug structure and fxn -
package chemicals that don't belong in the body and bring them
to the kidney for excretion
-primary site: liver (cytochrome p450 CYP - hepatic microsomal
enzyme system)
adverse drug reactions (ADRs) aka adverse drug events (ADEs)
Correct Answers undesirable effects that occur at normal drug
doses
-mild (rash, drowsiness, headache, nausea, itching)
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