Cyber Security Exam Review Questions and Answers
Cryptography
The science of transforming information into a secure form so that it can be transmitted or stored and unauthorized persons cannot access it
Steganography
Takes data, divides it into smaller sections, and hides it in unused po...
Cryptography - answer the science of transforming information into a secure form so
that it can be transmitted or stored and unauthorized persons cannot access it
Steganography - answer Takes data, divides it into smaller sections, and hides it in
unused portions of a file
Cleartext - answer Data that is in an unencrypted form
Decryption - answer To change the secret message back to its original form
Key - answer A mathematical value entered into the algorithm to produce ciphertext
Ciphertext - answer Text that is "scrambled"
GPG - answer Versions run on Windows, UNIX, and Linux operating systems
PGP - answer Uses RSA for protecting digital signatures and 3DES or IDEA for
symmetric encryption
EFS - answer A cryptography system for Windows operating systems that use the
Windows NTFS file system
Digital certificate - answer A technology used to associate a user's identity to a public
key that has been "digitally signed" by a trusted third party
CR - answer A publicly accessible centralized directory of digital certificates that can be
used to view the status of a digital certificate
PKCS - answer A numbered set of PKI standards that have been defined by the RSA
Corporation
CP - answerA published set of rules that govern the operation of a PKI
SSH - answerAn encrypted alternative to the Telnet protocol that is used to access
remote computers
IPsec - answerA set of protocols developed to support the secure exchange of packets
, Transport mode - answerEncrypts only the data portion (payload) of each packet yet
leaves the header encrypted
Tunnel mode - answerEncrypts both the header and the data portion
Risk - answerThe likelihood that a threat agent will exploit a vulnerability
Cyberterrorism - answerIntended to cause panic, provoke violence, or result in a
financial catastrophe
Threat agent - answerA person or thing that has the power to carry out a threat
Computer spy - answerA person who has been hired to break into a computer and steal
information
Asset - answerSomething that has value
Exploit - answerTo take advantage of a vulnerability
Threat - answerAn event or action that might defeat security measures in place and
result in a loss
Vulnerability - answerA weakness that allows a threat agent to bypass security
Procedures - answerPlans and policies established by an organization to ensure that
people correctly use the products
Zero day attack - answerExploits previously unknown vulnerabilities so victims have no
time to prepare or defend against the attacks
Cross-site scripting (XSS) attack - answerInjects scripts into a Web application server
that will then direct attacks at clients
Directory traversal attack - answerTakes advantage of vulnerability in the Web
application program or the Web server software so that a user can move from the root
directory to other restricted directories
Command injection - answerThe ability to move to another directory could allow an
unauthorized user to view confidential files or even enter commands to execute on a
server
Client-side attack - answerTargets vulnerabilities in client applications that interact with
a compromised server or process malicious data
First-party cookie - answerCreated from the Web site that a user is currently viewing
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