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PHSC 101 Earth Science Final Exam With Complete Solutions $13.99   Add to cart

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PHSC 101 Earth Science Final Exam With Complete Solutions

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  • PHSC 101

PHSC 101 Earth Science Final Exam With Complete Solutions

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  • September 17, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • PHSC 101
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PHSC 101 Earth Science Final Exam With
Complete Solutions

4 spheres of Earth Answer: Lithosphere, Biosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere



SGA Answer: Simple general accurate



Anthromorphic explanation Answer: objects viewed as having human characteristics



mechanistic explanation Answer: objects viewed as parts of a machine & inanimate



Steps of the scientific method Answer: 1a. decide what to study

1b. Look for a pattern

2. formulate a hypothesis

3. make a testable prediction

4. make observations/do experiments



Earth's most basic clock Answer: the sun



Retrograde motion Answer: planets fall further East each night, but sometimes they reverse for a
time



Astronomy Answer: observations of the sky

,Cosmology Answer: explanation of what we see in the sky



Elements Answer: Earth (absolute gravity), Water (relative gravity), Air (relative gravity), Fire
(absolute levity)



Geostatic Answer: Earth is stationary



Geocentric Answer: Earth is the center



Earthly realm Answer: Earth has absolute gravity, objects reach natural resting places and stop
there, corruptible



Heavenly realm Answer: Aether is luminous & unchanging, all motion in heavens is circular and
uniform



Ptolemy's Model Answer: Geostatic, epicycles, retrograde motion explained by epicycles



Copernicus' Model Answer: Heliocentric, Earth revolves around the sun, no explanation for why
planets move in circular motion, no explanation for retrograde motion



Advantages of Copernicus' Model Answer: simple, mechanistically probable, general



Disadvantages of Copernicus' model Answer: counterintuitive (violated common sense),
unorthodox, inaccurate



Kepler's laws Answer: 1. planets move in ellipses, sun is 1 of the foci

2. line joining planet to the sun sweeps out equal areas as it travels across orbit

, Galileo Answer: fought the church, early telescope observations, REJECTED Kepler's elliptical orbits
of planets



Aristotle's 1st law Answer: constant motion requires a constant force, directly applied



Principles of motion (natural state of rest) Answer: natural resting state, they get there and stay
there



Principles of motion (natural motion) Answer: elements tend to seek natural resting places



Principles of motion (violent motion) Answer: any forced motion that opposes natural motion



Aristotle's new model of motion Answer: natural state of rest



Galileo's new model of motion Answer: natural state of intertia



Galileo's conclusions Answer: 1. Inertia (one in motion, stay in motion unless acted on by an outside
force)

2. Acceleration (falling objects don't stay at the same speed, they speed up)



Order of the solar system Answer: Sun, mercury, venus, Earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus +
neptune, pluto



Descartes Answer: 1st law: things remain in their state if nothing changes it

2nd law: every moving body continues in a straight line

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