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NUR 229 Final Exam Questions and Complete Solutions

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  • NUR 229
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  • NUR 229

Type 1 Insulin Pathophysiology (Juvenile) Pancreas does not produce insulin May have sudden weight loss Type 2 Insulin Pathophysiology Body produces insulin but it either isn't enough, or the body is insulin resistant Gestational Diabetes Occurs during pregnancy Main function of insulin Transpor...

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  • September 17, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • NUR 229
  • NUR 229
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NUR 229 Final Exam Questions and
Complete Solutions
Type 1 Insulin Pathophysiology ✅(Juvenile) Pancreas does not produce insulin
May have sudden weight loss

Type 2 Insulin Pathophysiology ✅Body produces insulin but it either isn't enough, or
the body is insulin resistant

Gestational Diabetes ✅Occurs during pregnancy

Main function of insulin ✅Transports glucose to body cells to be used for energy
Too much glucose in the blood stream leads to thickened vessel walls

Clinical Manifestations of Hyperglycemia ✅Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Fatigue weakness, vision changes, numbness/tingling in hands/feet

What labs are used to diagnose Diabetes? ✅Fasting plasma glucose: Should never be
above 126

Blood Glucose 2 hours after eating shouldn't be above 200

A1C should be below 6.5%

5 Components of Diabetes Management ✅Nutritional therapy, exercise, monitoring,
Pharmacologic therapy, Education

3 Goals of Dietary Management for diabetic PTs ✅Control total caloric intake to
maintain reasonable body weight
Control glucose levels
Normalize lipid levels and BP

Effect of exercise on blood glucose ✅Lowers blood glucose

PT on insulin should eat a 15 gram carbohydrate snack prior to exercise and insulin
may be adjusted

What should the nurse obtain before giving insulin ✅PT current insulin levels

When is it ok for the nurse to leave a hypoglycemic or hyperglycemic PT? ✅When
their glucose levels have stabilized

,What should the nurse do if a PT is alert, oriented, and hypoglycemic? ✅Give a 15-20
gram carbohydrate snack

What should the nurse do if a PT is hypoglycemic and unconscious or can't swallow
✅If the PT has an IV, give Dextrose (results should be seen in 1.5 minutes)

If the PT doesn't have an IV, give Glucagon IM injection

Normal Blood Glucose range ✅Hypoglycemia: <70
Hyperglycemia: >180

Oral antidiabetic agents are used for which type of diabetes? ✅Type 2 only

Clinical Manifestations of Hypoglycemia ✅Sweating, tremors, tachycardia, palpitations,
hunger, confusion/disoriented, HA, slurred speech

Severe Hypoglycemia: Disorientation, seizures, loss of consciousness, death

Nursing Interventions for Hypoglycemic PT ✅Give 15g of carbohydrates (3 or 4
glucose tablets, or 4-6oz of juice or soda)

Retest BG in 15 minutes

Peripheral Neuropathy Pathophysiology ✅Blood vessels in the feet become thickened
resulting in feet not receiving enough nutrients due to lack of circulation

Makes wound healing much more difficult

PT Teaching for Peripheral Neuropathy ✅Inspect and wash feet everyday
Wear shoes and socks at all times
Protect feet from hot and cold
Keep blood flowing to feet (elevate feet, wiggle toes, don't cross legs)

Sick Day Rules for Diabetic PTs ✅Take insulin or antibiotics as usual

If unable to retain oral fluids you may require hospitalization

Substitute soft foods and take liquids

Take Glucose Q3-4H and report elevated levels

What is the diagnosing criteria for HTN? ✅2 BP readings at least 4 weeks apart
>140 / >90

, What are the symptoms of elevated BP? ✅There aren't any symptoms usually

Late symptoms: Organ damage (retinal/eye changes, renal damage, MI, cardiac
hypertrophy, stroke)

What are the lifestyle modifications HTN Pts should make? ✅Weight Reduction
DASH (low sodium) diet
Physical Activity
Reduced Alcohol (2 drinks/week)

What foods are included in the DASH diet? ✅Fruits, vegetables, grains, seeds, nuts,
legumes

What is the recommended sodium intake range? ✅2000-2300mg

What is the ideal BP for HTN PTs? ✅Under 140/90
Always compare it to their baseline

PT Education when taking anti-hypertensives ✅Continue taking meds even if BP is
improved
Rebound HTN is worse

*Diabetics on beta-blockers don't show symptoms of hypoglycemia*

What should the nurse do first if a PT has a high BP? ✅Retake manually and obtain all
other vitals

What BP is considered a hypertensive emergency?

What should you do for the PT during a HTN Emergency? ✅>180/120

Lower the PT immediately to prevent damage to target organs

What is Hypertensive Urgency? ✅BP is very elevated but there is no evidence of
immediate or progressive target organ damage

Goals for PT during HTN Emergency ✅Reduce BP 20-25% in first hour

Reduce BP to 160/100 in 6 hours

Bring BP to normal levels in a few days

What should the nurse monitor for a PT with HTN ✅I&O

What is the Virchow Triad? ✅The causes of a DVT

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