Pols 206 Texas A&M Matt Haydon
Exam 2
advice and consent - -the constitutional obligation that the Senate approve
certain executive appointments
-allocative representation - -congressional work to secure projects, services,
and funds for the represented district
-bicameral legislature - -legislature with two chambers
-casework - -legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve
their problems with government agencies and programs
-cloture - -a vote to end a Senate filibuster; requires a three-fifths majority,
or sixty votes
-coattail effect - -the added votes received by congressional candidates of a
winning presidential party
-conference committees - -temporary committees formed to reconcile
differences in House and Senate versions of a bill
-congressional oversight - -efforts by Congress, especially through
committees, to monitor agency rule making, enforcement, and
implementation of congressional policies
-constituency - -the voters in a state or district
-filibuster - -a practice of unlimited debate in the Senate in order to prevent
or delay a vote on a bill
-gerrymandering - -redistricting to benefit a particular group
-house rules committee - -the committee that determines how and when
debate on a bill will take place
-incumbency advantage - -the electoral edge afforded to those already in
office
-joint committees - -combined House-Senate committees formed to
coordinate activities and expedite legislation in a certain area
, -legislative agenda - -the slate of proposals and issues that representatives
think it worthwhile to consider and act on
-majority party - -the party with the most seats in a house of Congress
-midterm loss - -the tendency for the presidential party to lose
congressional seats in off-year elections
-national lawmaking - -the creation of policy to address the problems and
needs of the entire nation
-nuclear option - -a controversial Senate maneuver by which a simple
majority could decide to allow a majority to bypass the filibuster for certain
kinds of votes
-omnibus legislation - -a large bill that contains so many important
elements that members can't afford to defeat it and the president can't
afford to veto it, even if the bill contains elements they dislike
-partisan gerrymandering - -redistricting controlled by the majority party in
a state's legislature, to increase the number of districts that party can expect
to carry
-partisanship - -loyalty to a party that helps shape how members see the
world, define problems, and identify appropriate solutions
-party polarization - -greater ideological (liberal versus conservative)
differences between the parties and increased ideological consensus within
the parties
-policy entrepreneurship - -practice of legislators becoming experts and
taking leadership roles in specific policy areas
-policy representation - -congressional work to advance the issues and
ideological preferences of constituents
-pork barrel - -public works projects and grants for specific districts paid for
by general revenues
-racial gerrymandering - -redistricting to enhance or reduce the chances
that a racial or ethnic group will elect members to the legislature
-reapportionment - -a reallocation of congressional seats among the states
every ten years, following the census
-redistricting - -process of dividing states into legislative districts
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