PMCOL 303 Heavy Metals Exam Questions With Correct Answers
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Course
PMCOL 303
Institution
PMCOL 303
PMCOL 303 Heavy Metals Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Properties of heavy metal elements (3) - answer1. High electrical/thermal conductivity
2. High reflectivity
3. Mechanical ductility
Minimum density to be considered "Heavy" - answer5g/cm3 (5x water)
Essential heavy metals (5) - answer...
PMCOL 303 Heavy Metals Exam Questions
With Correct Answers
Properties of heavy metal elements (3) - answer✔1. High electrical/thermal conductivity
2. High reflectivity
3. Mechanical ductility
Minimum density to be considered "Heavy" - answer✔5g/cm3 (5x water)
Essential heavy metals (5) - answer✔Cr, Cu, Fe, Zn, Se
Role of essential heavy metals in biological systems - answer✔Co-factors
Why are transport systems and chaperones necessary for heavy metals - answer✔Needed to
maintain homeostasis but these elements are often charged (can't pass membrane) so to maintain
appropriate levels need these systems
Metal exposure upregulates (1) by the (2) pathway - answer✔1= metallothioneins
2= metal transcription factor 1
What makes non-essential heavy metals non-essential and what are notable examples? -
answer✔They have no biological function, As, Cd, Pb, Hg
Where are heavy metals found on earth - answer✔They are ubiquitous in the environment
Bioamplification - answer✔The increase in concentration of toxicants as it moves higher up the
food web
What is key food source that is discussed in terms of bioamplification? - answer✔Seafood
The focus of metal toxicology is? - answer✔Chronic low-dose exposure
Rapid toxicity from high acute doses is rare
Host factors influencing metal toxicity (5) - answer✔1. Age
2. Gender
(1) reduces the effect of arsenic - answer✔1 = selenium
Chemical factors of metals that influence protein co-ordination (3) - answer✔Valence electrons
Charge
Radius
Is trivalent chromium toxic? - answer✔No it is inert
Absorption of heavy metals in the GIT depends on (5) - answer✔1. Metal solubility
2. pH
3. Secreted ligands (can coordinate to ligand and then be taken up)
4. Rate of transport through mucus
5. Density of membrane transporters
What is metal fume fever - answer✔Inhalation of metal fumes that is taken up mainly by
transporters in the lung epithelium causing non-specific flu like syndromes
It is (rare/common) for transdermal exposure to heavy metals because... - answer✔Rare, skin is
lipophilic and metals are charged
Why do metals show affinity for particular tissue - answer✔they can coordinate to tissue
specific proteins or these specific organs have mechanisms to alter the metal to cause activity
Major excretory routes for metals - answer✔biliary, urinary, fecal
Metals with high solubility and low protein solubility are excreted through... - answer✔urine
What metal is removed by accumulating in hair and nails - answer✔As
What are some of the cellular results of heavy metal exposure - answer✔1. Inappropriate
growth/metabolic signalling
2. Loss of critical enzymes
3. Direct structural damage
4. Cellular apoptosis/necrosis
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