PHGY209 – Blood Exam Questions With
Correct Answers
Composition of Buffy Layer - answer✔White blood cells
Platelets
Functions of Blood - answer✔Transport
Acid-base balance
Protective
What percentage of blood is plasma? - answer✔about 55%
What percentage of body weight is blood? - answer✔~7%
= ~5L
Define Normovolemia - answer✔normal blood volume
Define Hypovolemia - answer✔lower blood volume
Define Hypervolemia - answer✔higher blood volume
Define Hematocrit - answer✔it is the percentage of blood volume that is occupied by RBCs
(normal value = ~45%)
Composition of plasma: - answer✔1) >90% water
2) high Na+ and Cl-, some HCO3-, low K+, Ca++, Mg++, PO4-
3) Nutrients - Glucose, amino acids, lipids, O2, CO2 (high turn over so small amount in plasma
at any given time)
4) Proteins 7g% (albumins- 60%, globulins- 35%, fibrinogen- 5%)
What are the ways to separate plasma proteins? - answer✔1. Differential precipitation by salts
2. Sedimentation in ultracentrifuge
3. Electrophoretic mobility
Define Electrophoresis - answer✔Fractionation method based on movement of charged
particles along a voltage gradient.
Rate of migration is influenced by the number and distribution of charges and by the MW of
each protein.
In serum, what plasma protein is removed? - answer✔Fibrinogen - since it causes the clotting
of the blood/plasma.
Serum is normally used for electrophoresis because you get a clearer view of liquid plasma when
it's not coagulating.
What is different about the electrophoretic pattern in renal disease? - answer✔The ALBUMIN
peak will be much lower, since most often in kidney disease there is an increase in permeability
of the renal tubules, so since albumin is the smallest protein, it will be the first one to leave the
kidney and enter the urine.
What is different about the electrophoretic pattern in bacterial infection? - answer✔The
GAMMA GLOBULIN peak will be much higher, since antibodies are produced and antibodies
are considered part of the gamma globulin fraction.
Where are plasma proteins produced? - answer✔Gamma Globulin is produced in the
LYMPHOID TISSUE.
All others (except gamma globulin) are produced in the LIVER.
What is the smallest plasma protein (in terms of molecular weight)? - answer✔Albumin
What plasma protein has the highest percentage concentration in plasma? - answer✔Albumin -
4%
(then globulins - 2.7% , then fibrinogen - 0.3%)
What is the shape of globulin plasma proteins? - answer✔Globulins have heterogeneous shapes
since there are several different kinds - alpha, beta, gamma
What is the main difference between interstitial fluid and plasma? - answer✔Plasma contains
more proteins
What is the role of plasma proteins? - answer✔They have a major role in determining the
distribution of fluid between the plasma and the ISF compartments by controlling
TRANSCAPILLARY DYNAMICS
What is the osmolarity value of body fluids? - answer✔~300 mOsm
(0.9% solution NaCl)
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