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NUR 160 Hondros Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solution.
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NUR 160 Hondros Exam 2024/2025 Questions With Completed & Verified Solution.
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NUR 160 HondrosNormal pH levels - ANS 7.35-7.45
Normal PaCO2 levels - ANS 35-45
Normal HCO3 levels - ANS 22-26
Normal Potassium levels - ANS 3.5-5.5
Normal Chloride levels - ANS 98-106
Normal Sodium levels - ANS 135-145
Normal Blood Glucose levels - ANS 70-110
Metabolic Acidosis - ANS Headache, disorientation, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, changes in
loss of consciousness, Kussmaul respirations, lower pH, lower HCO3
Metabolic Alkalosis - ANS Restlessness followed by lethargy, dysrhythmias, compensatory
hypoventilation, confusion, nausea and vomiting, slow respirations, hypokalemia, diarrhea,
higher pH, higher HCO3
COPD - ANS Umbrella term; Chronic bronchitis and chronic emphesema
Causes of Respiratory Acidosis - ANS Compromise in any of the 3 essential parts of breathing;
ventilation, perfusion, or diffusion, COPD, Pneumonia, respiratory failure, atelectasis, barbituate
or sedative overdose, paralysis of respiratory muscles, traumatic injury to the thorax, obesity,
airway obstruction, head injuries, stroke, drowning, cystic fibrosis
Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis - ANS Hyperventilation, anemia, hypermetabolic states,
disorders of the CNS, drugs, asthma, pneumonia, inappropriate mechanical ventilator settings
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - ANS Starvation, dehydration, diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic
acidosis, renal failure, shock, severe diarrhea, drugs, renal tubular acidosis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - ANS Excessive vomiting, prolonged gastric suctioning,
electrolyte disturbance, cushing's disease, drugs, overdose of baking soda, excessive use of
antacids such as Mylanta, hyperaldosteronism
Hypotonic solution - ANS Is of lower osmolality than the blood, water moves by osmosis from
the vascular system into the cells, pulls body of water out of the intravenous compartment
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