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HPNU 3060 EXAM 3 LATEST UPDATE
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HPNU 3060 EXAM 3 LATESTUPDATE
What is the heart considered? - Answer a pump
What is blood considered? - Answer fluid
What are blood vessels including capillaries considered? - Answer tubes
What is the main job of the cardiovascular system? - Answer transport materials
throughout the body
Where does the atrium bring blood to? - Answer returns to the heart
Where do the ventricles bring blood to? - Answer out of the heart to the rest of the body
Where do pulmonary arteries carry blood to? and what kind of blood is it? - Answer
away from the heart deoxygenated blood
Where do pulmonary veins bring blood to? and what kind of blood is it? - Answer to the
heart, oxygenated blood
Where does blood move to in the body? - Answer high pressure to low pressure regions
What is a pressure gradient? - Answer difference in pressure between two regions
What happens if the pressure is the same? - Answer there is no flow
Where in the body is the highest pressure? - Answer the aorta
Where in the body is the lowest pressure? - Answer vena cava
Pressure is _________ as blood moves through vessels. why? - Answer lost, due to
friction and resistance
What is hydrostatic pressure? - Answer Pressure exerted by a fluid not in motion -
pressure is the same in all directions
What happens to blood pressure when blood vessels dilate? - Answer blood pressure
decreases
What happens to blood pressure when blood vessels constrict? - Answer blood
pressure increases
what is pouiselle's equation? - Answer Q = (pi x P x r^4) / 8nL
, What increases as length and viscosity increases? - Answer resistance
What decreases as radius increases - Answer resistance
What is flow rate? - Answer the volume of blood that passes a given point in the system
per unit time
What is velocity of flow? - Answer the distance a fixed volume a blood travels in a given
period of time
Where is velocity fastest and slowest in the body? - Answer slowest at capillaries and
fastest at aorta
What kind of reservoir are veins? - Answer energy and volume reservoir
What kind of reservoir are arteries? - Answer pressure reservoir
What is the pathway of blood through the heart? - Answer superior vena cava, right
atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary
veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta
Where is the tricuspid valve? - Answer between right atrium and right ventricle
Where is the bicuspid valve located? - Answer between left atrium and left ventricle
Where are the semilunar valves between? - Answer between ventricles and arteries
What are autorhythmic cells? - Answer pacemaker cells
What do pacemaker cells do? - Answer signal for contraction - no sarcomeres
What are contractile cells? - Answer striated fibers organized into sarcomeres - lots of
mitochondria - intercalated disks
What does calcium do to a heart contraction? - Answer amount of calcium dictates how
hard it contracts, more calcium harder the contraction
What is the amount of force generated proportional to? - Answer the number of active
cross bridges
Explain the action potential in a contractile cell. - Answer 1. action potential enters the
cells
2. calcium enters
3. triggers RyR receptors releasing more calcium
4. calcium spark
5. calcium signal
6. binds to troponin
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