GMS6401 Exam Questions With Correct
Answers
The kidney consists of specialized vascular and tubular structures (the nephron) which
collaborate in the production of urine.
•The glomerular capillary is surrounded by an epithelial structure which forms the beginning of
the tubule.
•The affer...
The kidney consists of specialized vascular and tubular structures (the nephron) which
collaborate in the production of urine.
•The glomerular capillary is surrounded by an epithelial structure which forms the beginning of
the tubule.
•The afferent arterioles of every nephron are in close contact with the inner medullary collecting
duct of the same nephron.
•The vasa recta capillaries surround the proximal convoluted tubules.
•The specialized macula densa at the junction between thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle
and the distal tubule is in direct contact with the renal artery. - answer✔a) is correct. The
glomerulus is surrounded by the podocytes on the outside of thecapillaries which transforms into
the parietal epithelium which forms the Bowmanscapsule, leading to the tubule.b) all afferent
arterioles are in cortex.c). All vasa recta are in medulla.d). Macula densa is in contact with its
parent afferent arteriole.
A diagnostic renal clearance experiment is conducted and the following steady state (=
equilibrium) measurements are obtained on a 34 year old male subject, weighing 60 kg (assume
that the renal plasma flow (RPF) is the same as the effective renal plasma flow (ERPF).
Urine inulin = 200 mg/100mlPlasma inulin = 4 mg/100ml.Urine flow (V) = 2ml/minUrine PAH
= 1200 mg/100mlPlasma PAH = 6 mg/100ml
•GFR = 100ml/min
•GFR = 200ml/min
•The effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) is 650 ml/min
•The ERPF is 800 ml/min
•The filtration fraction is 0.15 - answer✔a) is correct.
•Equal to the free water clearance during an antidiuresis.
•Equal to the clearance of inulin.
•Less than the clearance of inulin.
•Greater than clearance of para aminohippuric acid (PAH).
•The same as the creatinine clearance. - answer✔c) is correct. A fractional clearance (ratio of
clearances of substance to inulin) < 1.0 indicates nettubular reabsorption of freely filtered
substances.
An increased protein excretion (proteinuria) can indicate glomerular damage. Which of the
following changes are likely to cause proteinuria?
•An increase in glomerular water permeability
•A fall in filtration surface area
•Increased negative charge at the glomerulus
•Loss of nephrin from the epithelial slit pore diaphragm
•Increased proximal reabsorption of filtered protein - answer✔d) is correct. Nephrin is an
essential protein in the epithelial slot pore diaphragm and mutations areassociated with heavy
proteinuria.a) And b) influence water not protein handling at the glomerulus.b) And e) . More
glomerular negative charge and more proximal tubule proteinreabsorption would reduce urinary
protein excretion.
Maintenance of a high glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is required for optimal kidney function.
Which of the following options would be most likely to associate with a below optimal GFR in
man?
•High glomerular number at birth
•A slow rate of rise of plasma protein concentration as blood flows through the glomerular
capillary
•A low fluid pressure in Bowman's space
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