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Biology HESI 2024 Questions and Answers ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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Biology HESI 2024 Questions and Answers ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).
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Biology HESI 2024a cell processes the conversion of carbohydrates to ATP to help perform various biological
functions. Where does this conversion occur in the cell?
mitochondria
catabolic pathway
involve the breakdown of molecules where energy is released
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Phospholipids
class of lipids that encourage ion flow throughout a cell
hydrogen bonds
a weak bond between two molecules
Monomers
a single unit of a molecule, combines with like monomers to create a polymer
Hydrophobic
water repelling
,Hydrophilic
water soluble
Anabolic Pathway
involves the synthesis of new molecules where an input of energy is required
metabolism
process of converting food into usable energy
Autotrophs
organisms that make energy-rich biomeolcules or rely on photosynthesis for energy
heterotrophs
An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their
by-products.
Pili
hair-like structures that aid in cellular adhesion; unique to prokaryotes
Cell Wall
structure providing protection and support to plant cells
Ribosomes
cell's protein factories that can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum
Chloroplasts
photosynthetic compounds used to make food for plant cells by harnessing energy from the sun
Flagella
A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are
flagellated.
,Endoplasmic Reticulum
network of membranes that functions as a cell's transportation system shuttling proteins and
other materials around the cell
Centromere
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached.
Mitosis
form of cell division where one parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells
Mitotic (M) Phase
The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
Haploid
the state of a sex cell having half the number of usual chromosomes
Cross Over
event during prophase I to increase genetic diversity
Diploid
2nd state of a cell having the normal number of chromosomes
Asexual Reproduction
process in which only one organism is needed to reproduce itself
What is the general equation for cellular respiration?
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxde + water + ATP
Electron Transport Chain
occurs in mitochondrial membrane, protons and electrons are released from an aerobic process
leading to a yield of ATP
, What cycle proceeds after glycolysis?
citric acid cycle or krebs cycle
Light Reactions
process requiring light to produce ATP and NADPH
Chloroplasts 2nd vers
organelles containing green chlorophyll to absorb light from the sun
Citric Acid Cycle
aerobic process
Dark Reactions
Calvin cycle; process using ATP and NADH to produce glucose
Pyruvate
a 3-carbon structure formed from breaking down glucose
Fermentation
process that extracts energy from food without oxygen
Oxidation of Pyruvate
pyruvate loses electrons and a hydrogen molecule to create acetyl coA
Cellular Respiration
process by which
the mitochondria of a cell break down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP
Chromatids
two identical chromosomes that split and contain the same genetic material
Centromeres
protein discs that attach the chromatids together
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