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Biology HESI 2024 Questions and Answers ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).

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Biology HESI 2024 Questions and Answers ( A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED).

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  • September 17, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • biology hesi 2024
  • Biology HESI 2024
  • Biology HESI 2024
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Biology HESI 2024
a cell processes the conversion of carbohydrates to ATP to help perform various biological
functions. Where does this conversion occur in the cell?
mitochondria


catabolic pathway
involve the breakdown of molecules where energy is released




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Phospholipids
class of lipids that encourage ion flow throughout a cell


hydrogen bonds
a weak bond between two molecules


Monomers
a single unit of a molecule, combines with like monomers to create a polymer


Hydrophobic
water repelling

,Hydrophilic
water soluble


Anabolic Pathway
involves the synthesis of new molecules where an input of energy is required


metabolism
process of converting food into usable energy


Autotrophs

organisms that make energy-rich biomeolcules or rely on photosynthesis for energy


heterotrophs

An organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their
by-products.


Pili
hair-like structures that aid in cellular adhesion; unique to prokaryotes


Cell Wall
structure providing protection and support to plant cells


Ribosomes
cell's protein factories that can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum


Chloroplasts
photosynthetic compounds used to make food for plant cells by harnessing energy from the sun


Flagella
A long, whip-like filament that helps in cell motility. Many bacteria are flagellated, and sperm are
flagellated.

,Endoplasmic Reticulum
network of membranes that functions as a cell's transportation system shuttling proteins and
other materials around the cell


Centromere
Area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached.


Mitosis
form of cell division where one parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells


Mitotic (M) Phase
The phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.


Haploid
the state of a sex cell having half the number of usual chromosomes


Cross Over
event during prophase I to increase genetic diversity


Diploid
2nd state of a cell having the normal number of chromosomes


Asexual Reproduction
process in which only one organism is needed to reproduce itself


What is the general equation for cellular respiration?
oxygen + glucose → carbon dioxde + water + ATP


Electron Transport Chain
occurs in mitochondrial membrane, protons and electrons are released from an aerobic process
leading to a yield of ATP

, What cycle proceeds after glycolysis?
citric acid cycle or krebs cycle


Light Reactions
process requiring light to produce ATP and NADPH


Chloroplasts 2nd vers
organelles containing green chlorophyll to absorb light from the sun


Citric Acid Cycle
aerobic process


Dark Reactions
Calvin cycle; process using ATP and NADH to produce glucose


Pyruvate
a 3-carbon structure formed from breaking down glucose


Fermentation
process that extracts energy from food without oxygen


Oxidation of Pyruvate
pyruvate loses electrons and a hydrogen molecule to create acetyl coA


Cellular Respiration
process by which
the mitochondria of a cell break down glucose to produce energy in the form of ATP


Chromatids
two identical chromosomes that split and contain the same genetic material


Centromeres
protein discs that attach the chromatids together

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